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仰臥起坐

美国海军士兵正在进行仰卧起坐测试
香港的仰臥起坐設施

仰臥起坐英文Sit-up),是常見的健身運動,主要鍛鍊腰部腹部肌肉。准备动作是躺在地板上,弯曲膝盖以放松背肌和脊柱,两腿并拢并伸直,然后身体抬起,但部不能离地,脚部也不能移动或者抬起,直到身体与底面成90°为止,然后重复。现在的仰卧起坐通常要求双手抱头,以起身后额部接触膝盖为准。也存在双臂伸直摆动起身。

由於现在一些观点表明仰卧起坐的训练效果不大,而且有可能损伤脊柱,因此很多训练计划都改為使用卷腹取代仰卧起坐以锻炼腹肌

而仰卧起坐不能在地板上做,因為會傷及尾龍骨。

效果

传统的仰卧起坐在军事训练、武术中仍是必修科目,不过目前一些专家的研究表明,仰卧起坐是有危险性的。

脊柱损伤

动作到位的仰卧起坐会牵涉到臀肌和腹肌,这样就需要弓背,很容易导致脊柱受损。这种风险不仅对于腹肌力量差的人是存在的,而且对于那些经常锻炼的人亦然。他们训练任务中需要作足够多的仰卧起坐使腹肌极度疲劳,而这也可能导致脊柱损伤。除去这些风险,臀肌施加的杠杆力也会压迫椎间盘[1]美军很多部队的训练中已经去除了仰卧起坐,因为经测试发现仰卧起坐会导致背部损伤,以及因脊髓受压迫而引起的疼痛或麻木。[2]

根据美国职业安全健康研究所(NOISH)所述,直腿仰卧起坐会对脊柱施加3500 N的压力,屈膝仰卧起坐会对脊柱施加3350 N的压力,均超过了与下背部损伤有关的下限3300 N[3]

臀肌

现代的一些研究表明仰卧起坐只在身体开始抬起的30°内对腹肌有效,这样有效的动作就是只抬起肩部,而并不抬起下背部;如果继续起身,就由腹肌收缩变为臀肌收缩了。这种肌肉分工使训练者不能达到孤立肌肉群训练的目的,收效不大。[1]这样一来,仰卧起坐就成为考验臀肌和脊柱的运动,不单单是压迫脊椎。[2]

强壮的腹直肌

仰卧起坐和俯卧撑这类力量训练并不能局部瘦身。要想拥有强壮的腹直肌,需要腹部训练以及除去腹部的赘肉,这就需要降低体脂肪了。

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Len Kravitz. SuperAbs Resource Manual. [2007-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-22). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Anna Szasz. An electromyographical evaluation of the validity of the 2-minute sit-up section of the Army physical fitness test in measuring abdominal strength and endurance. 2002-11-01 [2007-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2007-12-01). 
  3. ^ Ken Katz, M.D. Stop Sit Ups and Save Your Spine
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仰臥起坐
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