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仪象考成

仪象考成》是中国清代一部以星表为主的工具书,由清朝钦天监戴进贤传教士鲍友管德语Anton Gogeisl劉松齡、学者何国宗明安图等人编修。从乾隆九年(1744年)开始编修,直至乾隆十七年(1752年)完成。全书共32卷,前两卷介绍天文仪器玑衡抚辰仪的使用方法,后30卷为星表,共收录星3083颗。

《仪象考成》的很多恒星的数据是根据弗兰斯蒂德的星表编算的。在弗兰斯蒂德的星表中记录的恒星,大都也能在《仪象考成》中找到对应位置。

《仪象考成续编》

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《仪象考成续编》于道光二十二年(1842年)开始修订,道光二十四年(1844年)完成,续编据《仪象考成》改算了历元,也做了一些实际观测,发现和改正了原书中某些讹误,取消六个增星编号,比原书少录6颗星,增补了163颗星,总计表列恒星数共3240星。

星圖變化

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市面上流傳的中西星象對照圖,包括伊世同的《中西對照恆星圖表》在內,大多是以《儀象考成》為根據。但是這些對照表是以清代製成的星圖為依據,和古代星圖的星官位置及形狀已有些差異[1]。隨著時代的變遷,個別星官名稱、星官中的星數、星官間的相對位置本就會有歷史嬗變[2]。再加上明末清初用西學修正和補充明代的星表時,由於徐光啟和西方傳教士對中國傳統星象未能精熟,造成很多星官與中國古代的星圖產生偏離[3][4]。例如宋代《皇佑星圖》南門的兩顆星與《儀象考成》的南門一南門二不是同個星,前者是半人馬座的ξ2ε星,後者是半人馬座的ε星與α星[5]

参考来源

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外部連結

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  1. ^ 歐陽亮. 《 中國恆星觀測史》書評 (PDF). [2023-02-05]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-22). 
  2. ^ 中西星名對照與考證. [2023-02-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-05). 
  3. ^ 徐剛. 《星图步天歌》及明清传统星象的变迁. [2023-02-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-05). 
  4. ^ 歐陽亮. 星座的變遷(中篇)星宿爭霸戰 (PDF). [2023-02-09]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-02-09). 
  5. ^ 漫步中國星空 書評. [2023-02-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-05). 
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仪象考成
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