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人為誤差

人為誤差(Personal Equation),又譯個人誤差,係起源于天文学的名詞,指由个体差异导致的观测误差

1976年,天文学者金内布鲁克(Kinnebrook D.)在天文观测中,观测结果的误差达到了0.8秒,而当时一般的天文观测的误差要求达到0.1秒。这件事此后引起了天文学家的关注,并重复进行了类似金内布鲁克的观测,结果在没有意外误差的情況下,误差竟比金内布鲁克的误差还大。

为了找到原因,1823年,天文学家贝赛尔(Bessel F.W.,1784-1846)和另外一位天文学家同时进行观察,得出的结果还是有“误差”。用方程表示则为:A-B=1.223秒。后来的一些观察也得出了类似的结果,误差的变化范围从0.044至1.223秒不等。于是贝赛尔认为,这种差异是由观察者的个体差异导致的,并将其定为心理学的研究问题,由此产生了两种心理学实验方法——复合实验和反应实验。[1]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 张学民。舒华编著。实验心理学纲要(修订版)[M]。北京:北京师范大学出版社,2005年:7。
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人為誤差
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