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亦納勒術

亦納勒術波斯語اینالچق‎,羅馬化Inalchuk,1165年—1220年),中亚花剌子模國訛答剌城守將,康里人。拉施德丁的《史集》把他寫作亦納勒出黑(inalcuq),可以是一種爵位-郡王,也可以是稱號-心腹、寵臣。《元史》記為哈只兒·只蘭禿(Qajar jinaltuq),是他的汗號與稱號所組成,是突厥-欽察語方言轉引入蒙古語之後的變音。[1]

史集說亦納勒術是圖兒干合敦的親人,老花剌子模王塔乞失下詔稱其為“吾兒”。他可能是阿拉烏丁·摩訶末沙的異母弟,或是表兄弟。其突厥名為牙罕·脫黑迪,意思是大象降生。伊斯蘭教名是塔札丁。他被封為訛答剌城的海兒汗قادرخان‎,卡迪兒汗),即是有權力而可怕的汗。[2]

一次一个由回回人組成的蒙古帝国成吉思汗的商隊途经訛答剌城,其領頭是一個印度商人。這人不稱亦納勒術為海兒汗,仍稱呼他為亦納勒術。亦納勒術見財起意,將商人誣陷為奸細,下令拘捕全部商人,并報告蘇丹。蘇丹命他拘留,但海兒汗自作主張殺了商人,沒收貨物並送到布哈拉轉售,但有一位駱駝伕僥倖逃回蒙古。

成吉思汗要求花剌子模交出海兒汗,但因为海兒汗是太后的侄兒,所以成吉思汗的要求被拒絕。史家認為,是海兒汗殺死商隊而引起蒙古帝国的西征[2]

後來訛答剌城在1220年2月破城,成吉思汗在撒馬爾罕附近的闊克薩萊(属布哈拉)用被熔化的銀液灌進亦納勒術的眼睛,為商隊報仇,訛答剌也成了廢墟。

資料來源

[编辑]
  1. ^ 何啟龍:〈審音與勘同:《世界征服者史》Ghayir inalcuq 與《元史》哈只兒只蘭禿的再研究〉,《元史及民族與邊疆研究集刊》,第二十輯 (2008年),頁67-81。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Svat Soucek. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 106. ISBN 0-521-65704-0. 
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亦納勒術
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