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习惯

習慣是一種常常出現的行為,而且常常是在無意識下出現[1][2][3]

美国心理学期刊》(1903年)用以下的文字來定義習慣:「以心理學的觀點來看,習慣是某種程度上固定的思考方式、意志或者感覺方式,是由以往重複的心智體驗而獲得的。」 Andrews, B. R. Habit需要免费注册. The American Journal of Psychology (University of Illinois Press). 1903, 14 (2): 121–49. ISSN 0002-9556. JSTOR 1412711. doi:10.2307/1412711 –通过JSTOR. 

一般人在出現習慣性行為時,不一定會注意到,因為人們在進行日常工作時,不會對自己所做的事作詳細的分析。習慣有時候會有強制性[3][4]

將一個新的行為變成習慣的過程稱為習慣養成或習以為常。不過舊的習慣多半難以改變,而新的習慣也不容易形成,因為人們所重覆的行為模式是印在其神經通路中[5],不過可以藉由反覆來養成新的習慣[6]

隨著行為在一致性的情境中重覆的出現,會增加此一情境和行為的聯結,因此也增加了在此一情境下行為的自動性英语automaticity[7]。習慣性行為的特性有:快速出現、未覺察、無意識下進行,而且不可控制[8]

參考資料

  1. ^ Butler, Gillian; Hope, Tony. Managing Your Mind: The mental fitness guide. Oxford Paperbacks, 1995
  2. ^ Definition of Habit页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved on August 29, 2008.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Definition of Habituation页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved on August 29, 2008
  4. ^ "Habituation."页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Animalbehavioronline.com. Retrieved on August 29, 2008.
  5. ^ Rosenthal, Norman. Habit Formation. Sussex Directories. [November 30, 2011]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-09). 
  6. ^ Habit Formation. psychologytoday.com. [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-09). 
  7. ^ Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). "A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface." Psychological Review, 114(4), 843–863. Available online, URL: http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/rev-1144843.pdf页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  8. ^ Bargh, J. A. (1994). "The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition." In Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition: Vol. 1 Basic processes, pp. 1–40. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers

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习惯
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