乐观偏误
乐观偏见又稱樂觀偏誤（optimism bias）、僥倖或僥倖心理，是一种認知偏誤，是指人們相信他们自己不太可能會经历负面事件。乐观偏见很普遍，任何性别、种族、国籍和年龄的人都有乐观偏见。 [1]甚至在老鼠和鸟类等非人类动物中也存在乐观偏见。 [2]例如吸烟者相信他们比其他吸烟者患肺癌或疾病的可能性要小[3]。
乐观偏误相反的认知偏误是悲观偏误，悲观偏误是指人们往往过高估计了负面事件发生的可能性，而低估了正面事件发生的概率。
参考文献
- ^ O’Sullivan, Owen P. (2015). The neural basis of always looking on the bright side. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences, 8(1):11–15.
- ^ Sharot, Tali. The optimism bias. Current Biology. 2011-12-06, 21 (23): R941–R945. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 22153158. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.030 （英语）.
- ^ Weinstein, Neil D.; William M. Klein. Unrealistic Optimism: Present and Future. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1996, 15 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1521/jscp.1996.15.1.1.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Credit:
(see original file).
