For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 中闪米特语支.

中闪米特语支

中闪米特语支
地理分佈中东
谱系学分类亚非语系
分支
西北闪米特语支
阿拉伯语支
Glottologcent2236[1]

中闪米特语支[2][3]闪米特语族的一个语支假说[4]。中闪米特语支下又分为阿拉伯语支和西北闪米特语支两个亚语支,前者包括阿拉伯语及其众多变体,后者包括亚拉姆语乌加里特语腓尼基语等。

中闪米特语支所属语言有着以下的显著特征[5]

  • 闪米特语族特有的重辅音以咽音化的形式发出,而非挤喉音
    • 原始闪米特语的 *ṭ [tʼ]和*ṣ [tsʼ]在阿拉伯语和亚拉姆语中为[tˤ][sˤ]
    • 原始闪语的*ḳ [kʼ]变为清小舌塞音 [q]
  • 出现否定标记 *bal,来源不明;
  • t普遍作为过去时后缀标记使用,不分人称;
  • 出现非过去时前缀ya-qtulu,代替ya-qattal
  • 动词前缀元音音素趋同。对阿卡德语的研究显示原始闪语有以下四个前缀:*ʔa-、*ta-、*ni-、*yi-。在中闪米特语言中,所有前缀依据规则归为统一的元音。语支内部的不同语言在这一点有所不同,阿拉伯语将之全部归为a,但西北闪米特语除a外也有i的情况。

关于闪米特语族内部的细分法还没有公认的定论,不过此分法是最为常见的。民族语提出南中闪米特语支(包括阿拉伯语和希伯来语),和亚拉姆语支对立。

阿拉伯语和西北闪米特语的区别体现在阿拉伯语的破碎式复数上,大部分阿拉伯语名词的复数形式都以这种规则产生,西北闪米特语更倾向于利用词缀变化实现。如阿拉伯语的بَيْتbayt(房屋),复数形式是بُيُوتbuyūt,而希伯来语的בַּיִת bayit复数形式则是בָּתִּים‎ bātīm

参考资料

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Central Semitic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2018-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-06). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2018-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-05). 
  4. ^ Sabatino Moscati. An Introduction to Comparative Grammar of Semitic Languages Phonology and Morphology. Harrassowitz Verlag. 1980. ISBN 3-447-00689-7. 
  5. ^ Faber, Alice. Genetic Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages. Hetzron, Robert (编). The Semitic Languages. London: Routledge. 1997: 3–15. ISBN 0-415-05767-1. 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
中闪米特语支
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?