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中間宿主

中間宿主(英語:intermediate host[1]secondary host)是指寄生物幼蟲、童蟲或於无性生殖阶段時用以寄生的物種[1]。如需两个以上中间宿主,则依顺序称第一、第二中间宿主等。 這類宿主也可為寄生物短暫提供營養和保護,直到其發展階段完成。然而,寄生物不能在這個中間宿主體內成長為成蟲,但可以透過中間宿主為媒介,將自己送到最終宿主。舉例說,可引起昏睡症的布氏锥虫(Trypanosoma brucei以人類為中間宿主,而其最終宿主卻是舌蠅,否則便無法繼續繁衍。

絛蟲綱及其他寄生性扁形动物门物種的生命週期較為複雜,在不同的生命階段會寄居在不同的宿主裡。在某些特殊情況下,寄生物的幼蟲會直接進入最終宿主,這個最終宿主便成為一個「異常中間宿主」(paratenic hostabnormal intermediate host)。例如豬肉絛蟲在某些情況下將變成其異常中間宿主。

由於有很多種寄生蟲的生命週期尚未被充分研究,有時候一些相對「較為重要」的物種會被隨意定義為寄生蟲的確定宿主,儘管有部分事後獲研究確認並非事實。舉例說:仙女蟲科的正颤蚓(Tubifex tubifex)因為會被脑粘体虫感染[2]而有時會被認為是鮭魚旋转病的中間宿主,但其實脑粘体虫會在正颤蚓進行有性繁殖[2]。比較新的出版會指脑粘体虫是一種「雙宿主」寄生蟲。

旋毛蟲Trichinella spiralis)是一種會引起旋毛蟲病寄生蟲,其宿主的消化道中會有其生殖成體的同時,在其肌肉中具有未成熟的幼體.這種情況,其宿主因此被認為同時是中間宿主和確定宿主。

參看

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 宿主(host). 2013-07 [2016-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-06) (中文(繁體)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Markiw, M.E. Salmonid Whirling disease. Fish and Wildlife Leaflet. 1992, 17: 1–3 [2017-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-27) (英语). 

外部連結

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中間宿主
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