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丙二醛

丙二醛
IUPAC名
propanedial
英文名 Malondialdehyde
识别
缩写 MDA
CAS号 542-78-9  checkY
PubChem 10964
ChemSpider 10499
SMILES
 
  • O=CCC=O
InChI
 
  • 1/C3H4O2/c4-2-1-3-5/h2-3H,1H2
InChIKey WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYAU
KEGG C19440
性质
化学式 C3H4O2
摩尔质量 72.06 g·mol−1
外观 针状固体[1]
密度 0.991 g/mL
熔点 72 °C(345 K)
沸点 108 °C(381 K)
危险性
PEL none[1]
相关物质
相关烯醛 羟基丙二醛英语Glucic acid
4-羟基-2-壬烯醛
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

丙二醛,简称MDA,是一种有机化合物化学式 CH2(CHO)2。它是一种无色液体,反应性极高,通常以烯醇式存在。[2]

结构和制备

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丙二醛通常以烯醇式存在:[2]

CH2(CHO)2 → HOC(H)=CH-CHO

在实验室中,丙二醛可以由对应的缩醛1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙烷水解而成。与丙二醛不同,这种缩醛是稳定,可商购的。[2]

生物合成和反应性

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丙二醛可以由脂肪脂质过氧化而成。[3]它是血栓素A2的合成中的重要产物,其中环加氧酶1或环加氧酶2通过血小板和一系列其他细胞和组织,将花生四烯酸代谢成前列腺素H2。前列腺素H2再被血栓烷合成酶英语Thromboxane-A synthase进一步代谢为血栓素A212-羟基十七碳三烯酸英语12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid和丙二醛。[4][5]

活性氧类会降解脂肪,形成丙二醛。[6]这种具有高反应性,是许多反应性亲电试剂之一,可在细胞中引起毒性应激并形成称为高级脂肪氧化终产物 (ALE) 的共价蛋白质加合物,类似于高级糖化终产物(AGE)。[7]这种醛的产生可用来测量生物的氧化应激水平。[8][9]

丙二醛会和DNA中的脱氧腺苷脱氧鸟苷反应,形成DNA加合物英语DNA adducts,主要会产生突变原M1G英语M1G[10]精氨酸的胍基会与丙二醛缩合,得到2-氨基嘧啶。

分析

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丙二醛和其它硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质英语TBARS (TBARS) 会与两倍的硫代巴比妥酸英语thiobarbituric acid缩合,生成可通过分光光度法测定的荧光红色衍生物。[2][11] 1-甲基-2-苯基吲哚是另一种更具选择性的试剂。[2]

危险性和病理学

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丙二醛具有高反应性,有潜在的致突变性。[12] 它被发现存在于加热的食用油中,例如向日葵油和棕榈油。[13]

根据一项研究,患有圆锥角膜大疱性角膜病变英语Bullous keratopathy的患者的角膜中,丙二醛的水平升高了。[14]丙二醛也可以在骨关节炎患者的关节组织切片中找到。[15]

在评估精子中的膜损伤时,也可以考虑丙二醛的水平(脂质过氧化的标志)。这是至关重要的,因为氧化应激通过改变膜流动性、渗透性和损害精子功能来影响精子功能。[16]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0377. NIOSH. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 V. Nair, C. L. O'Neil, P. G. Wang "Malondialdehyde", Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2008, John Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rm013.pub2 Article Online Posting Date: March 14, 2008
  3. ^ Davey MW1, Stals E, Panis B, Keulemans J, Swennen RL. High-throughput determination of malondialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry. 2005, 347 (2): 201–207. PMID 16289006. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.041. 
  4. ^ J. Biol. Chem. 248:5673; 1973
  5. ^ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3400; 1974
  6. ^ Pryor WA, Stanley JP. Letter: A suggested mechanism for the production of malondialdehyde during the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nonenzymatic production of prostaglandin endoperoxides during autoxidation. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40 (24): 3615–7. PMID 1185332. doi:10.1021/jo00912a038. 
  7. ^ Farmer EE, Davoine C. Reactive electrophile species. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2007, 10 (4): 380–6. PMID 17646124. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.019. 
  8. ^ Moore K, Roberts LJ. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic. Res. 1998, 28 (6): 659–71. PMID 9736317. doi:10.3109/10715769809065821. 
  9. ^ Del Rio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005, 15 (4): 316–28. PMID 16054557. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003. 
  10. ^ Marnett LJ. Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutat. Res. 1999, 424 (1–2): 83–95. PMID 10064852. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00010-X. 
  11. ^ http://www.amdcc.org/shared/showFile.aspx?doctypeid=3&docid=33 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期September 14, 2006,.
  12. ^ Hartman PE, Putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. IV. Malonaldehyde (malondialdehyde) Environ Mutagen. 1983;5(4):603-7
  13. ^ Dourerdjou, P.; Koner, B. C. (2008), Effect of Different Cooking Vessels on Heat-Induced Lipid Peroxidation of Different Edible Oils" Journal of Food Biochemistry, 32: 740–751. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00195.x
  14. ^ Buddi R, Lin B, Atilano SR, Zorapapel NC, Kenney MC, Brown DJ. Evidence of oxidative stress in human corneal diseases. J. Histochem. Cytochem. March 2002, 50 (3): 341–51. PMID 11850437. doi:10.1177/002215540205000306可免费查阅. [永久失效連結]
  15. ^ Tiku ML, Narla H, Jain M, Yalamanchili P. Glucosamine prevents in vitro collagen degradation in chondrocytes by inhibiting advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2007, 9 (4): R76. PMC 2206377可免费查阅. PMID 17686167. doi:10.1186/ar2274. 
  16. ^ Collodel, G.; Moretti, E.; Micheli, L.; Menchiari, A.; Moltoni, L.; Cerretani, D. Semen characteristics and malondialdehyde levels in men with different reproductive problems. Andrology. March 2015, 3 (2): 280–286. PMID 25331426. S2CID 28027300. doi:10.1111/andr.297 (英语). 
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丙二醛
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