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次等人類

次等人類,也稱低等人[1]下等人[2](德語:Untermensch德语发音:[ˈʔʊntɐˌmɛnʃ];英語:Subhuman)是德語中的一個詞,因納粹德國使用其形容非雅利安之低下種族而成爲貶義。這一詞匯通常被用於概括納粹口中的「東方民族」(the masses from the East),包含猶太人羅姆人斯拉夫人(主要涉及波蘭人塞爾維亞人、與戰爭後期的俄羅斯人[3][4]。除極少數例外情況,該術語也被用作形容許多黑人有色人種成員[5]。與此同時,納粹認爲猶太人亟待通過最終解決方案大屠殺中被完全滅絕[6], 而羅姆人、身體殘疾者英语Physical disability發育性殘疾者英语Developmental disability也均需要被徹底清除[7][8]。 依照納粹的東方總計畫中歐東部英语East-Central Europe的斯拉夫人口同樣將會在大面積謀殺、流放至亞洲或在第三帝國成爲奴隸的方案之中急劇下降。此種概念在納粹德國種族政策英语Racial policy of Nazi Germany中扮演了重要角色[9]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 俞力工. 反恐戰略與文明衝突. 秀威出版. 2008: 44 [2017-07-20]. ISBN 9789866732751. 
  2. ^ 乐然. 滑稽希特勒:《他回来了》. 德国之声. 德新社. 2013-02-26 [2017-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-09). 
  3. ^ Revisiting the National Socialist Legacy: Coming to Terms With Forced Labor, Expropriation, Compensation, and Restitution page 84 Oliver Rathkolb
  4. ^ Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz; Robert, Edward (translator). Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe. Poland Under Nazi Occupation First (Polonia Pub. House). 1961: 219 [12 March 2014]. ASIN B0006BXJZ6. (原始内容 (Paperback)存档于2011年4月9日).  at Wayback machine.
  5. ^ Reichsführer-SS. Der Untermensch "The subhuman". Berlin: SS Office. 1942 [12 March 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-30). 
  6. ^ Snyder, T (2011) Bloodlands, Europe between Hitler and Stalin, Vintage, P144-5, 188
  7. ^ Mineau, André (2004). Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity. Amsterdam; New York: Rodopi. p. 180. ISBN 90-420-1633-7
  8. ^ Simone Gigliotti, Berel Lang. The Holocaust: A Reader. Malden, Massachusetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. p. 14
  9. ^ Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe. Northeastern University. [2010-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-27). 
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次等人類
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