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上将军.
中國
战国已有,時名位高於偏將軍。秦因之。前汉不常置,金印紫绶,位次于上卿。职掌为典京师兵卫,或屯兵边境。後漢時,屬於「諸名號將軍」,曾有「無上將軍」威號存在但不常置,屬榮譽銜。汉末以后,将军名号繁多,名称素朴之前、后、左、右之类,遂渐废弃。三国魏晋时只作为尊称。唐宋时期上将军官位复原。
唐朝官制,上将军从二品,大将军正三品,将军从三品。上将军是唐代十六卫的主官,大将军为副手。自唐以后,上将军、大将军、将军,或为环卫官,或为武散官。宋、元、明三朝,多以将军为武散官;殿廷武士也称将军。
朝鮮
高麗時代始設,武臣政權時期與大將軍各十六名共同組成決議事務的最高機關重房。
参考资料
《新唐书·职官》:左右卫: 上将军各一人,从二品;大将军各一人,正三品;将军各二人,从三品。掌宫禁宿卫,凡五府及外府皆总制焉。凡五府三卫及折冲府骁骑番上者,受其名簿而配以职。皇帝御正殿,则守诸门及内厢宿卫仗。非上日,亦将军一人押仗,将军缺,以中郎将代将军,掌贰上将军之事。左右骁卫、左右武卫、左右威卫、左右领军、左右金吾、左右监门卫上将军以下,品同。
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