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三段體

三段體(Ternary Form),又名三部曲式ABA曲式,是音樂作品中最常見的樂曲形式,最簡單的定義是由兩個同等重要的結構(樂理上稱為「A段」和「B段」),組成了一個具有三個「段落」的曲體,其中第一及第三段可以是完全相同或 近乎所有相同的內容,第二段則和第一段形成出強烈對比,形成了「A-B-A(或 A')」的構造[1]。其他類型的三段體皆以此基礎上再加以擴展和變化。例如在迴旋曲中,首尾皆為同一樂段(即A),而中間的B段則包含多個由新樂段及A段交替而成的結構。

在古典音樂範疇中,有不少曲種都是以三段體形式所寫成,包括有小步舞曲諧謔曲進行曲、甚至早至巴洛克時期的返始詠嘆調(Da Capo aria)也是典型的三段體結構作品。

三段體可以再細分為單三段體(simple ternary)和複三段體(compound ternary)。單三段體中的每一個部分都是一個單獨的樂段。而複三段體中,A段和B段可以再分拆為一個獨立的三段體(亦容許為二段體)。

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Ebenezer Prout (1893). Musical form. London: Augener & Co.
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三段體
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