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三尖杉科

三尖杉科
Cephalotaxus harringtonia
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
门: 松柏门 Pinophyta
纲: 松柏纲 Pinopsida
目: 松柏目 Pinales
科: 三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae
Seem.

三尖杉科學名Cephalotaxaceae)下轄三尖杉屬Cephalotaxus)及有爭議的榧樹屬Torreya)和穗花杉屬Amentotaxus)等共20種。

特色

[编辑]

此科物種為常綠性灌木或小型喬木樹葉為披針形,背側有淺綠色或白色氣孔帶,且常從基部分兩行螺旋排列。科内各属或雌雄同株,或雌雄異株;甚至一些種虽通常為雌雄異株,但少數植株却為雌雄同株。

雄性毬果長4至25毫米且花粉於早春成熟[1];雌性毬果僅具一至數個卵生鱗片,每個卵生鱗片含一個胚珠;隨著胚珠的成熟,卵子鱗片發育成完全圍繞種子的肉質假種皮[2]。成熟的假種皮稀薄,為綠色、紫色或紅色,表面光滑且呈樹脂[3]。由於每個含胚珠的鱗片都不起眼,毬果得以長成含一至幾個種子的短枝。它們可能被鳥類和其他動物吃掉,假種皮被消化,而硬種子則不受損害的排出於糞便,但是生物學者尚未對該科的種子傳播機制進行充分研究。

下轄屬

[编辑]
  • Cephalotaxus-三尖杉屬
  • Torreya-榧樹屬(有爭議)
  • Amentotaxus-穗花杉屬(有爭議)

與紅豆杉科的比較

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类别 Taxaceae-紅豆杉科 Cephalotaxaceae-三尖杉科
假種皮 部分包覆種子 完全包覆種子
成熟期 6-8個月 18-20個月
成熟種子長度 5-8毫米(在Austrotaxus中可達25mm) 12-40 毫米

文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Cephalotaxus fortunei的雄性毬果. [2020-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-04). 
  2. ^ Torreya californica的種子. [2020-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14). 
  3. ^ Cephalotaxus koreana的成熟假種皮. [2020-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14). 
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三尖杉科
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