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一氟三氯甲烷

一氟三氯甲烷
IUPAC名
Trichlorofluoromethane
别名 氟三氯甲烷
三氯氟甲烷
三氯一氟甲烷
氟利11
氟里昂11
CFC-11
R-11
识别
CAS号 75-69-4  checkY
PubChem 6389
ChemSpider 6149
SMILES
 
  • C(F)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
InChI
 
  • 1/CCl3F/c2-1(3,4)5
EINECS 200-892-3
ChEBI 48236
RTECS TB6125000
性质
化学式 CCl3F
摩尔质量 137.37 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体,有类似气味[1]
密度 1.494 g/cm3
熔点 -110.48 °C
沸点 23.77 °C
溶解性 1.1 g/l (20 °C)
log P 2.53
蒸氣壓 89 kPa (20 °C)
131 kPa (30 °C)
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
危害环境危害环境N
警示术语 R:R59
安全术语 S:S59
MSDS ICSC 0047
主要危害 消耗臭氧层
闪点 不可燃
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
1743 mg/kg (小鼠腹腔注射)[2]
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

一氟三氯甲烷,又称氟利昂-11,分子式CFCl3

性质

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一氟三氯甲烷在低于23.7°C时为液体,呈无色,易挥发,微有的臭味。不可燃,但在高温下可分解产生有害物质。几乎不溶于水,溶于乙醇乙醚和其他有机溶剂中。毒性比二氧化碳氯代烃低,但有报道其浓度在10%以上时,可引起兴奋、痉挛,并最后陷入麻醉状态。

制备

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四氯化碳氢氟酸五氯化锑催化下进行反应再经分馏而得。

用途

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用作制冷剂、气雾剂、灭火剂、干洗剂和发泡剂等。对臭氧层有损耗作用,對臭氧的破壞比大多數的冷媒都要嚴重,臭氧破壞潛勢(ODP)定義為1.0。美國已在1995年停用一氟三氯甲烷。

禁用

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在1987年蒙特利尔议定书中,一氟三氯甲烷被列入禁用名单。然而2018年人们注意到一氟三氯甲烷在大气中的浓度的下降比预期要慢。[3]有消息指中国仍将其广泛用于建筑工业作为聚氨酯泡沫保温的发泡剂。[4] 发表于2019年《自然》杂志的研究发现一氟三氯甲烷的排放集中在中国东部的山东省河北省[5]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Record of Trichlorfluormethan in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA英语Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  2. ^ 中国化工产品大全 上卷,Da023 一氟三氯甲烷,页161
  3. ^ Johnson, Scott. It seems someone is producing a banned ozone-depleting chemical again. Ars Technica. 5 May 2018 [18 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-17). Decline of CFC-11 has slowed in recent years, pointing to a renewed source 
  4. ^ McGrath, Matt. China 'home foam' gas key to ozone mystery. BBC News. 9 July 2018 [9 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-10). 
  5. ^ M. Rigby, S. Park, ..., D. Young. Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations. Nature. 2019, (269): 546-550 [2019-05-31]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-02). 
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一氟三氯甲烷
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