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大規模絕種

寒武紀奧陶紀志留紀泥盆紀石炭紀二疊紀三疊紀侏羅紀白堊紀古近紀新近紀
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單位:百萬年
寒武紀奧陶紀志留紀泥盆紀石炭紀二疊紀三疊紀侏羅紀白堊紀古近紀新近紀
呢幅圖淨係睇到海洋生物絕種比例,包咗最大鑊嘅五次絕種。藍色部份代表絕種比例,唔係實數,同下個時期嘅化石紀錄比較。

大規模絕種daai6 kwai1 mou4 zyut6 zung2mass extinction),又有譯做集體絕種zaap6 tai2 zyut6 zung2或者滅絕事件mit6 zyut6 si6 gin2,係指喺一個相對短暫嘅地質時代入面,喺一個好大嘅地理範圍入面嘅宏觀生物數量同埋種類都跌得好快嘅事。有科學家推測,自地球誕生以嚟,曾經出現過嘅生物已絕種咗超過98%。[1]

造成生物大規模絕種嘅可能原因好多,例如隕石撞咗落地球超級火山爆發、氣候變化、海平面突然上升或者下降同埋缺氧等等,但都依家為止重未有完全嘅定論到底點絕種。每次嘅大滅絕事件都可以喺相對短時間入面令到80%-90%以上嘅物種絕種。但係,仍然有啲生命力強嘅物種可以生存到。同時,災變引起嘅環境變化亦都促使咗新物種嘅誕生。大絕種期間倖存嘅或者新生嘅物種喺絕種事件之後開始復蘇同埋發展,所以喺每次全球性嘅滅絕事件之後,都會伴隨住生物嘅復蘇同發展。

歷史上曾經有五次比較出名嘅大規模絕種,分別係:

  1. 奧陶紀-志留紀滅絕事件
  2. 泥盆紀後期滅絕事件
  3. 二疊紀-三疊紀滅絕事件—最嚴重嘅滅絕事件
  4. 三疊紀-侏羅紀滅絕事件
  5. 白堊紀-古近紀滅絕事件

近年提出人類活動造成緊第六次滅絕事件。

[編輯]
  1. Fichter, George S. (1995). Endangered animals. USA: Golden Books Publishing Company. p. 5. ISBN 1-58238-138-0.
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大規模絕種
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