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皇帝

秦始皇-画中的日记-罗一丁
英王查理斯三世

皇帝係君主專制政治體制之下一個國家嘅最高統治者。中文嘅「皇帝」係由秦始皇帝嬴政所創,攞三皇五帝嘅「」同「」夾埋一齊,而嬴政就順理成章做咗中國歷史上第一個皇帝。而歐洲嘅「皇帝」係嚟自拉丁文嘅「imperator」或「caesar」,意思係羅馬帝國軍隊嘅最高統治者,之後畀神聖羅馬帝國嘅統治者繼續用,直到19世紀法國開始叫自己嘅君主做皇帝,引起歐洲一啲國家跟風。

而家,除咗日本天皇之外,基本上已經無君主叫做「皇」或者「帝」,所以將而家其他國家嘅君主叫做「皇」嚴格嚟講都唔係幾啱,例如將「英王」、「英女王」叫做「英皇」、「英女皇」。

為咗維護皇帝尊嚴,對於皇帝相關嘅名稱都有具體規定,例如皇帝嘅命叫「制」,令叫「詔」,皇帝嘅起居、服裝、出行都有專門嘅規定,例如冕服。皇帝自稱「」,其他人當面直接叫皇帝做「陛下」、「聖上」或者「萬歲」等、私底下叫皇帝為「聖人」、「官家」、「至尊」、「君王」、「天子」等等。

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皇帝
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