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水仙花 .
How to read a taxobox 水仙花
物種分類
界
植物界 Plantae
門
被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
綱
單子葉植物綱 Liliopsida
目
天門冬目 Asparagales
科
石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae
屬
水仙屬 Narcissus
種
水仙花 N. tazetta
二元學名
Narcissus tazetta L.
變種
中國水仙 Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem.
水仙花 (粵拼 :seoi2 sin1 faa1 ;學名:Narcissus tazetta )係石蒜科 水仙屬 嘅長年生草本植物,原產中國 福建省 漳州市 ,而家喺全球各地都搵到。佢既喺中國內地有超過千年嘅栽培史,又有「寒冬仙女」之稱,重係「中國十大名花」之一。
根係須根系,由梗盤下邊生,一般乳白色嘅肉質品種,圓柱兼無側根,但質地脆兼易斷,斷後冇得生返鱗梗波。鱗梗波睇品種而定,但大多數係圓形。葉係闊嘅線形,扁平,長20~40cm,闊8~15mm,粉綠色嘅掘頭兼全緣品種。花莖幾乎同葉等長;花梗灰綠,被管好幼,幾乎係三棱形,花梗長短有唔同,但梗頂有短尖頭;花屬傘形花序,有4~8朵花,其中副花冠係淡黃色嘅淺杯品種,長年冇皺,主花白,帶有好清涼嘅芳香;花瓣多數6嚿,尾位鵝黃;花芯有隻似碗噉嘅保護罩。一般喺每年春天開花。果係細蒴果,由子房發育而成,熟咗之後從背後開裂,但中國嘅水仙品種唔結果。
植株啱喺暖而濕兼排水良好嘅地方生。
水仙可以用嚟做花卉,由於佢有好清涼嘅花香,所以一般家庭攞嚟做盆景花卉。但係佢啲花、梗同葉有毒,唔食得。
水仙花要種2~3年先識開花,但街邊賣嘅水仙鱗梗波,丼去種之後第一年就開花。花嘅數量主要睇鱗梗波嘅嘥士,一般嘥士同花嘅數量成正比。所以喺屋養水仙,必須要揀靚波:
波大頂粗、扁而闊、矮而肥、梗盤基部闊厚而突出。
用手搣個波。實淨係花芽,鬆軟係葉。
揀好梗波後一定要清走鱗莖嘅泥、乾鬚根、啡外皮同病鱗。
丼入水度養 另外,水仙開花期可以適當控制。如要求春節開花,一定要提早一個月用水養,溫度最低1~4℃,重要日日換水。
水仙按品種可以份直仙、八字水仙、蟹爪水仙同觀根水仙。
直仙:直接丼入水度養
八字水仙:鱗梗波經過簡易雕刻
蟹爪水仙:鱗梗波經過精細雕刻
觀根水仙:用玻璃樽水養,生咗好多白淨嘅根系。 中國主要城市市花
華北地區 東北地區 華中地區 西北地區 包頭:小麗花 | 蘭州:
玫瑰 | 西寧:
丁香 | 銀川:
玫瑰 | 烏魯木齊:
玫瑰 華南地區 西南地區 重慶:
山茶花 | 成都:
木芙蓉 | 貴陽:琪桐 | 昆明:
茶花 | 拉薩:格桑花
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