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柳永.
柳永(生死年唔清楚,有推斷係987年到1053年),字耆卿,係北宋嘅一位詞人,幫妓女樂工作詞而出名。佢係福建崇安人,原名係三變。因為喺屋企排行第七[1]:250、183,所以嗰陣啲人又叫佢「柳七」而唔係直接叫佢個名[2]:92。又因為做過屯田員外郎致仕,所以又叫柳屯田[1]:184。佢啲作品流傳廣泛之極,一時間好興,所以嗰陣有人話「凡有井水飲處,即能歌柳詞」(有人嘅埞都聽得到柳永嘅詞)。佢早排住喺汴京,經常去歌樓酒肆蒲,寫咗唔少詞關於啲中下層市民嘅生活同心理,啲好多係啲歌妓或者失意文人嘅。因為覺得佢寫嘅好多係艷詞,啲士大夫鄙視並排斥佢,影響埋佢嘅仕途,導致佢中年以後先中到科舉,之後就流落到各地去任啲細官職。佢死嗰陣冇銀紙,得妓女籌錢幫佢收葬。
柳永體裁唔限制喺士大夫嘅小令,而係用慢詞多,呢種體裁喺民間流行開而且篇幅長尐;噉樣做即拓展到宋詞嘅形式,令到慢詞同小令喺詞作上有同等地位。[3]同時佢寫男女情感同埋羈旅行役啲嘢多,宋詞嘅題材都得到擴展。佢移植咗種賦法「鋪陳其事而直言之」(鋪墊加直白嘅語言)入到詞嘅寫作當中[3],喺鋪陳詞主人公細膩嘅心思同時,採用直白生動通俗嘅語言風格,運用到好多啲俚語俗語,啲好多係由日常生活嚟嘅,噉樣表達啲情感表達得好生動真實。柳永後續影響深遠,孻尾啲詞人似蘇軾同周邦彥兩派都出自佢,佢亦都影響埋元代嘅散曲[3]。跟尾啲通俗文學,都推崇埋柳永嘅地位。柳永啲作品得編成《樂章集》,入便存有佢嘅詞二百幾首,可以睇得出佢嘅貢獻好大。
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