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斯堪的納維亞

狹義(紅色)同廣義(加埋橙色)嘅斯堪的納維亞

斯堪的納維亞(粵語:Si1 ham1 dik1 naap6 wai4 aa3;瑞典文:Skandinavien)係北歐一個文化地區,狹義上係指挪威瑞典丹麥呢三個歷史同文化關係密切嘅國家,廣義上包埋芬蘭冰島。屬於挪威嘅斯瓦爾巴群島揚馬延島以及屬於丹麥嘅格陵蘭一般都唔被當做斯堪的納維亞嘅一部份。呢個地區大部份嘅疆土都喺斯堪的納維亞半島上面。

人種上嚟講,斯堪的納維亞人嘅祖先係本來住喺丹麥南部一帶,後來向北遷徙嘅日耳曼人。冰島人因為多數係古北歐人嘅後代,通常都被視為斯堪的納維亞人。另一方面,雖然芬蘭嘅主要居民係唔屬於日耳曼系嘅芬蘭人,但係因為地理位置嘅原因會被當做斯堪的納維亞嘅一部份。

斯堪的納維亞最多人住嘅係暖一啲,屬温帶氣候嘅南部地區。喺北面,斯堪的納維亞一路延伸去到北極圈,但因為有由墨西哥嚟嘅暖海流,以咁高緯度嘅地方嚟講唔算好凍。

地理

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斯堪的納維亞嘅地理好多樣,最出名嘅有挪威嘅峽灣、斯堪的納維亞山脈、丹麥嘅低地平原,同埋瑞典同挪威嘅群島。瑞典亦都有好多冰河時期留低嘅冰磧同湖泊。

瑞典最南部同丹麥嘅氣候似西歐國家。中部地區-由挪威首都奧斯陸去到瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩-屬於潮濕大陸氣候,但再北小小就會變做亞寒帶氣候同挪威北角嘅雪原氣候。斯堪的納維亞山脈阻住西南面嚟嘅温暖潮濕空氣,令到瑞典同挪威北部冇乜雨落同好凍。

根據紀錄,斯堪的納維亞史上最暖嘅溫度係喺瑞典 Målilla 度到嘅攝氏卅八度,而最凍嘅温度係喺瑞典 Vuoggatjålme 錄到嘅攝氏零下五廿二點六度。

語言

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斯堪的納維亞嘅語言大部份分別屬於北日耳曼語支同芬蘭-伏爾加語支。北日耳曼語支包括丹麥文挪威文瑞典文冰島文法羅文。丹麥文、挪威文、瑞典文三種語言至今仍然可以部份相通,即係話識其中一種語言嘅人,可以或多或少恁理解另外兩種語言[1]。而由於冰島幾乎與世隔絕,因此冰島文受到嘅外來影響好少,千幾年來都無太大變化[2][3]。識得冰島文嘅人,可以相對容易恁理解千幾年前嘅古諾爾斯文文獻[2][3]。法羅文雖然同其他四種語言同源,但係唔能夠完全互通。

芬蘭-伏爾加語支包括芬蘭文同薩米諸語言。

註解同參考

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參考

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  1. Robert Lindsay. "Some Scientific Intelligibility Studies". Academia.edu.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Language". 冰島旅遊局. 原著喺2017-02-05歸檔. 喺2017-02-25搵到.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Icelandic (Íslenska)". Omniglot.com. 喺2017-02-25搵到.

睇埋

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斯堪的納維亞
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