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堅尼系數

堅尼系數英文Gini coefficient),係20世紀初意大利學者堅尼用嚟判斷唔同地方年收入分配公平程度嘅指標,係比例數值,喺0同1之間。喺民眾收入度,堅尼系數最大係「1」,最細係「0」。前者代表居民之間嘅年收入分配絕對唔平均(即係年所有收入都集中喺一個人入面,其餘嘅人冇收入),而後者就代表唔同人之間嘅年收入分配絕對平均(即係人與人之間收入絕對平等),堅尼系數嘅實際數值只可以介乎0同1之間。堅尼系數越細,年收入分配越平均;堅尼係數越大,年收入分配越唔平均。

計法

[編輯]
幅圖入面嘅橫軸係人口累計百分比,縱軸係部分人嘅收入佔人口總收入嘅百分比,三條色線各表示不同情況下後者和前者的比例。綠綫表示人口收入完全平均,藍綫表示絕對唔平均,紅綫則代表實際情况。紅線同綠線之間嘅面積越細,收入分配越平等。

先假設右圖入面實際收入分配曲線(紅線)同收入分配絕對平等線(綠線)之間嘅面積係A,實際收入分配曲線(紅線)同收入分配絕對唔平等線(藍線)之間嘅面積係B,咁堅尼系數就係

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堅尼系數
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