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印加

印加遺跡

印加粵拼jan3 gaa1),又叫印加帝國jan3 gaa1 dai3 gwok3)或者印加文明jan3 gaa1 man4 ming4),係南美洲古國,1438年正式立國,1533年西班牙滅咗。

歷史

[編輯]
印加帝國嘅擴張:
橙紅:帕查庫特克嘅擴張(1438年-1463年)
橙:圖帕克·印卡嘅擴張(1463年-1471年)
黃:圖帕克·印卡嘅擴張(1471年-1493年)
綠:瓦伊納·卡帕克嘅擴張(1493年-1525年)

庫斯科一帶嘅印加人喺12世紀嗰陣仲係一個遊牧部落。喺曼科·卡帕克嘅領導下,印加人建立咗一個細嘅城邦國家庫斯科王國。1438年,印加人開始大規模嘅對外擴張。[1]

帕查庫特克將庫斯科王國重組做印加帝國。[2]

1463年,帕查庫特克個仔圖帕克·印卡·尤潘基開始向北擴張。圖帕克·印卡向南嘅擴張喺馬烏萊河戰役(地點大約喺今日嘅智利中部)之後停咗落嚟。圖帕克·印卡個仔瓦伊納·卡帕克又佔據埋今日嘅厄瓜多爾秘魯嘅部分地區。[3]

1520年代嗰陣,西班牙人喺探索南美洲西北部嘅時候將天花傳入當地。1527年瓦伊納·卡帕克感染天花病死。佢原先指定嘅繼任人尼南·庫尤奇冇耐亦都死於天花。瓦斯卡爾繼位,冇耐佢同喺北方嘅同父異母細佬阿塔瓦爾帕打起內戰。阿塔瓦爾帕嘅軍隊喺1532年俘擄咗瓦斯卡爾。好快阿塔瓦爾帕喺同西班牙人會面嗰陣被西班牙人捉咗。西班牙人喺第二年處死咗阿塔瓦爾帕。好多人將呢一年(1533年)當做印加帝國嘅滅亡年份。不過亦有啲人將圖帕克·阿馬魯被俘嘅1572年當做印加帝國嘅滅亡年份。

行政

[編輯]
4個蘇尤嘅範圍,橙紅色係欽察蘇尤,綠色係安蒂蘇尤,橙色係孔蒂蘇尤,藍色係科利亞蘇尤

印加帝國分做4個叫「蘇尤」嘅分區。首都庫斯科唔受任何一個蘇尤管轄。

參考

[編輯]
  1. Demarest, Arthur Andrew; Conrad, Geoffrey W. (1984). Religion and Empire: The Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansionism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–59. ISBN 0-521-31896-3. 喺2013-07-18搵到.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)
  2. Weatherford, J. McIver (1988). Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World. New York: Fawcett Columbine. pp. 60–62. ISBN 0-449-90496-2. 喺2013-08-15搵到.
  3. Ernesto Salazar (1977). An Indian federation in lowland Ecuador (PDF). International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. p. 13. 喺16 February 2013搵到.
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印加
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