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利哈乔夫汽车厂

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AMO ZiL
公司类型股份有限公司
公司前身
  • AMO (1916-1931)
  • ZiS (1931-1956)
成立 俄罗斯莫斯科(1916年 (1916))
结束2013年 编辑维基数据
代表人物Igor Zakharov、Konstantin Laptev (2002–现在)
总部俄罗斯莫斯科
产业汽车
产品
  • 豪华车
  • 重型公路车
  • 越野车
  • 军用车
营业额809,851,000 俄罗斯卢布 (2016年) 编辑维基数据
息税前利润−1,273,561,000 俄罗斯卢布 (2016年) 编辑维基数据
净利润−1,441,158,000 俄罗斯卢布 (2016年) 编辑维基数据
母公司莫斯科市政府 编辑维基数据
网站www.amo-zil.ru
获得奖项列宁勋章 列宁勋章 列宁勋章 十月革命勋章 劳动红旗勋章

莫斯科利哈乔夫工厂股份有限公司(俄语:Завод имени Лихачёва),简称吉尔汽车厂(ЗиЛ, ZiL),是俄罗斯一家汽车与重型装备制造厂。有吉斯(ЗиС, ZiS)和吉尔(ЗиЛ, ZiL)两大汽车品牌,汽车技术更新换代较慢。

1916的建厂方案

历史

1915年从意大利菲亚特汽车厂引进卡车生产线,1916年沙俄建设的6家汽车厂之一,时称莫斯科汽车厂 (缩写为AMO,俄语:Автомобильное Московское Общество)。按许可证生产意大利菲亚特的F-15 1.5吨级卡车。虽然到1917年仅完成了三分之二的工程量,但这已是6家中进展最快的一家。由于随后的十月革命俄国内战,该厂于1924年11月1日生产出第一辆车,AMO-F-15英语AMO-F-15。1926年—1927年工厂只生产425辆汽车。1928年工厂年生产总量只有800辆。

1931年,苏联第一个五年计划期间,该厂得到美国A.J. Brandt Co.英语A.J. Brandt Co.的技术改造, 美方还派专家赴苏现场指导,苏方也派人到美国汽车厂实习,援助中国一汽建厂的总专家(专家组组长)希格乔夫就曾在美国实习过。新建起巨大厂房,面积达120万平方米,工厂占地为500公倾,职工2.5万人,年产能力扩大到2.5万辆,1931年10月21日,新建工厂流水线投产。1931年10月1日起,“阿莫”工厂被命名为斯大林汽车厂(缩写为ZISZiS,简称“吉斯”工厂)。1934年到1937年斯大林汽车厂又进行第二次扩建工程,生产新型的3NC—5载重车。1937年产量超过6万辆。1946年3月工厂进行第三次扩建改造,换型产品,新产品为“吉斯—150”,到1948年末日产达到250辆规模。

1956年6月24日,赫鲁晓夫反个人崇拜运动中,更名为利哈乔夫汽车厂,以其首任总经理伊万·阿列克谢维奇·利哈乔夫俄语Лихачёв, Иван Алексеевич命名。

子公司

布良斯克汽车厂英语Bryansky Avtomobilny Zavod生产越野牵引车与底盘,载重14-40吨。

车型

豪华车

  • ZIS-101英语ZIS-101 (1936)仿制美国豪华轿车帕克德(Packard)制造出了供政府公务专用的8缸
  • ZIS-102英语ZIS-101 (1938, convertible version of ZIS-101)
  • ZIS-110英语ZIS-110 (1945年8月) 仿制美国1942年款“派克超八”。一说该生产线是美国派克公司“派克180”的淘汰生产线。每年的产量只有十几辆手工定制车。“吉斯-110”还有敞篷版本。采用直列8缸汽油发动机,140匹马力,带同步器的3速手动变速箱,油耗为每百公里23升,最高车速能到达140公里。1958年停产时总产量为2083台。
  • ZIS-115英语ZIS-115 (ZIS-110的防弹型,车身安装8mm厚的装甲,70mm厚的防弹玻璃,底盘也安装了装甲,能经受反步兵地雷的爆炸冲击,车厢内还有一道可升降的中隔玻璃。自重达到7.5吨。)
  • ZIL-MZ英语ZIL-MZ (prototype sub-compact convertible, 1962)
  • ZIL-111英语ZIL-111 (1958)
  • ZIL-114英语ZIL-114 (1970)
  • ZIL-115英语ZIL-115 (1972)
  • ZIL-117英语ZIL-117 (1972, shortened ZIL-114)
  • ZIL-4102英语ZIL-4102 (prototype, 1988)
  • ZIL-4104英语ZIL-4104 (1978)
  • ZIL-4105 (1988, armoured version of ZIL-41047)
  • ZIL-41041 (1985, five-seat version of ZIL-41047)
  • ZIL-41042英语ZIL-4104 (station wagon version of ZIL-4104)
  • ZIL-41044英语ZIL-4104 (convertible version of ZIL-4104)
  • ZIL-41045英语ZIL-4104 (1983, upgraded ZIL-4104)
  • ZIL-41047 (1985)
  • ZIL-41072 (1988, escort version of ZIL-41047)
  • ZIL-4112英语ZIL-4112 (2005?, concept)
  • ZIL-4112R英语ZIL-4112 (2012)

卡车

ZIL 130
ZIL 5301
ZIL 4331
fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)
fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)
  • AMO-怀特:建厂后依靠维修美国怀特(White)卡车的过程中所积累的经验,自己开始生产载质量为3t的卡车。使用了该厂自己生产的部件及总成,其中一些还是由该厂设计的。
  • AMO F-15英语AMO F-15 (1924, 菲亚特F-15的生产许可证)4缸化油器式水冷发动机,使用了磁石点火系统。4挡变速箱。后桥横梁与传动轴壳体设计成一个部件。为了防止车轮内胎的磨损加剧,该车型前轮的半轴角度设计为178°。原来变速器的操作杆及手刹均设置在驾驶室外侧,之后该厂对其作了改动,把它们移至靠近司机的地方,并新配备了蓄电池照明系统及喇叭。
  • AMO-2英语AMO-2 (1930)采用进口的汽车零部件,掌握了生产AMO-2型军用卡车的技术
  • AMO-3英语AMO-3 (1931)
  • AMO-7英语AMO-7 (1932, prototype tractor-trailer based on AMO-3)
  • ZIS-5:1934年,AMO-3使用了一些新的更为先进的零部件,重新命名为吉斯(ZIS)-5型。可靠性强、维修便利、耐低温性好,6缸化油器发动机,带有蓄电池点火系统。干式双片离合器、4挡变速箱、双级主传动器以及机械传动式刹车装置。1944年,乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂生产的吉斯-5卡车投产,配备了56kW发动机以及轮胎压力更大的新型轮胎。至1948年停产,共生产了532311辆。
  • ZIS-6英语ZIS-6 (1934, 引进了美国Autocar的Dispatch Model SA and Model SD)
  • ZIS-10英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1934, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-11英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1934, extra long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-12英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-13英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1936, gas generator version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-14英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-15英语ZIS-15 (prototype replacement for ZIS-5, 1938)
  • ZIS-21英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1939-1941, based on ZIS-5 but powered by wood gas)
  • ZIS-22英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (半履带车, 1939-1941, based on the ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-23英语ZIS-23 (three axle prototype based on the ZIS-15)
  • ZIS-24英语ZIS-24 (four-wheel-drive prototype based on the ZIS-15)
  • ZIS-30英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1940, multifuel version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-32英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1941, 4x4 version of the ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-33英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1940, halftrack, based on the ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-36英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1944, prototype 6x6 version of ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-41英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1940, simplified version of ZIS-21)
  • ZIS-42 (Halftrack, 1942-1944, based on the ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-43英语ZIS-43 (1944, armed version of ZIS-42)
  • ZIS-50英语ZIS-5 (truck)#Variants (1946, re-engined ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-120N (1956, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-150)
  • ZIS-121英语ZIS-151 (tractor-trailer version of ZIS-151)
  • ZIS-128英语ZIS-128 (1954, prototype for ZIL-131)
  • ZIS-E134英语ZIS-E134 (1955, prototype off road vehicle)
  • ZIS-150 (1947,中国引进后为CA-10)
  • ZIS-151英语ZIS-151 (1948, ZIS-150的3轴全驱越野型,中国的对应车型为CA-30

)

  • ZIS-153英语ZIS-153 (1952?, prototype halftrack based on ZIS-151)
  • ZIS-156 (1947, gas generator version of ZIS-150)
  • ZIS-253英语ZIS-253 (prototype)
  • ZIS-585 (1949, dump-truck version of ZIS-150)
  • ZIL-130英语ZIL-130 (1962, 1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂英语Amur (company)
  • ZIL-131 (1967,3轴全驱越野型,防水发电机、密封性好的起动机以及屏蔽和密封良好的发动机点火系统,能用于气温在零下40℃至零上55℃。保有量较大,在俄罗斯随处可见。1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂英语Amur (company)
  • ZIL-132英语ZIL-132 (1960, prototype off road vehicle)
  • ZIL-133英语ZIL-130 (1975, three-axle version of ZIL-130)
  • ZIL-134英语ZIL-134 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
  • ZIL-135英语ZIL-135 (1959, prototype off road vehicle) - later built by BAZ
  • ZIL-136英语ZIL-136 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
  • ZIL-137英语ZIL 131 (prototype off road tractor-trailer based on ZIL-131)
  • ZIL-138英语ZIL-130 (1975, LPG powered version of ZIL-130)
  • ZIL-157军卡 (1958,3轴全驱越野型ZiS-150的改进型,具有了轮胎压力中央控制系统)
  • ZIL-157R英语ZIL-157 (1957, prototype off road vehicle based on ZIL-157)
  • ZIL-164英语ZIL-164 (1957, improved ZIS-150)
  • ZIL-164N英语ZIL-164 (1957, tractor trailer version of ZIL-164)
  • ZIL-165英语ZIL-165 (1958, prototype for ZIL-131)
  • ZIL-166英语ZIL-164 (1957, gas generator version of ZIL-164)
  • ZIL-E-167英语ZIL-E-167 (1962?)
  • ZIL-169G英语ZIL-169G (prototype for ZIL-4331)
  • ZIL-E169A英语ZIL-E169A (1964, prototype cab-over truck)
  • ZIL-170英语ZIL-170 (1969, prototype for KAMAZ-5320)
  • ZIL-175英语ZIL-175 (1969, two-axle version of ZIL-170, prototype for Kamaz)
  • ZIL-485英语BAV 485 (amphibious vehicle based on ZIS-151)
  • ZIL-553英语ZIL-164 (cement mixer based on ZIL-164)
  • ZIL-555英语ZIL-130 (1964, dump truck based on ZIL-130)
  • ZIL-585英语ZIL-164 (1957, dump truck based on ZIL-164)
  • ZIL-2502英语ZIL-2502 (dump truck based on ZIL-5301)
  • ZIL-3302英语ZIL-3302 (1992, prototype truck based on ZIL-119)
  • ZIL-3906英语ZIL-3906
  • ZIL-4305英语ZIL-4305 (1983, prototype truck based on ZIL-4104)
  • ZIL-4327英语ZIL-4327 (2004?)
  • ZIL-4331英语ZIL-4331 (1986)
  • ZIL-4334英语ZIL-4334 (2004)
  • ZIL-4514英语ZIL-4514 (dump truck based on ZIL-133)
  • ZIL-4972英语ZIL-4972
  • ZIL-5301英语ZIL-5301 "Bychok" ("Bull") (1992)
  • ZIL-5901英语ZIL-5901 (1970)
  • ZIL-6404英语ZIL-6404 (1996)
  • ZIL-6309英语ZIL-6309 (1999)
  • ZIL-6409英语ZIL-6409 (1999)
  • ZIL-432720英语ZIL-432720
  • ZIL-432930英语ZIL-432930 (2003)
  • ZIL-433180英语ZIL-433180 (2003)
  • ZIL-436200英语ZIL-436200 (2009)

大客车

interurban bus ZIS-127
ZIL-119
  • AKZ-1 (1947-1948, based on ZIS-150 truck)
  • AMO-4英语AMO-4 (1932-1934, based on the AMO-3)
  • ZIS-lux英语ZIS-lux (prototype, based on the ZIS-6, 1934)
  • ZIS-8英语ZIS-8 (1934-1938, 基于ZIS-11)
  • ZIS-16英语ZIS-16 (1938-1942, 基于ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-17英语ZIS-17 (prototype, based on the ZIS-15, 1939)
  • ZIS-44英语ZIS-44 (based on the ZIS-5)
  • ZIS-127英语ZIS-127 (1955-1961)
  • ZIL-129英语ZIL-129 (short-range version of ZIS-127)
  • ZIS-154英语GM "old-look" transit bus#ZIS-154 (1946–1950)
  • ZIS-155英语GM "old-look" transit bus#ZIS-155 (1949–1957)
  • ZIL-118英语ZIL-118 "Yunost" (1962-1970, based on ZIL-111)
  • ZIL-119英语ZIL-118 (1971-1994, based on ZIL-118; also called ZIL-118K)
  • ZIL-158英语ZIL-158 (1957-1959, based on ZIL-164)
  • ZIL-159英语ZIL-159 (1959, prototype for LiAZ)
  • ZIL-3207英语ZIL-118 (1991-1999, based on ZIL-41047)
  • ZIL-3250英语ZIL-3250 (1998-present, based on ZIL-5301)

运动型车

ZIS-112 Sports
  • ZIS-101 Sport英语ZIS-101 (1939)
  • ZIS-112/1英语ZIS-112/1 (1951, based on ZIS-110)
  • ZIS-112/2英语ZIS-112/2 (1956)
  • ZIS-112/3英语ZIS-112/3 (1956)
  • ZIL-112/4英语ZIL-112/4 (1957)
  • ZIL-112/5英语ZIL-112/5 (1957, lengthened ZIL-112/4)
  • ZIL-112 Sports英语ZIL-112 Sports (1960–62)
  • ZIL-412 S英语ZIL-412 S (1962)

其它

Astronaut Edward T. Lu, having landed with Soyuz TMA-2, is being recovered with a ZIL-49061 vehicle.
  • B-3 half-tracked transporter
  • ZIS-152英语BTR-152 armored personnel carrier
  • PES-1英语PES-1 amphibious vehicle (1966)
  • ZIL-PKU-1英语ZIL-PKU-1 pneumatic tracked off-road vehicle (1965)
  • ZIL-SHN-1英语ZIL-SHN-1 Amphibious Screw Vehicle (1968)
  • ZIL-29061 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
  • ZIL-4904英语ZIL-4904 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
  • ZIL-49042英语ZIL-49042 prototype for "Bluebird" (1973)
  • ZIL-4906英语ZIL-4906 (1975?) "Bluebird" 6-wheeled amphibious vehicle, designed to carry the ZIL-2906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz capsules.[1]
  • ZIL-49061英语ZIL-49061 (1975?) Amphibious rescue vehicle, passenger version of the ZIL-4906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz crews.

参见

参考文献

  • Zaloga, Steven J.英语Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, p. 44. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
  1. ^ Shelepenkov, Maxim. Beneath the wing of the "Blue Bird" (PDF). [20 May 2013]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014年10月27日). 

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利哈乔夫汽车厂
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