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逻辑学哲学语言学中,命题(英语:proposition)是一个陈述句所表达的判断,具有真值,即不是真的就是假的。例如,“雪是白色的”。命题不等同于句子,例如,“雪是白色的和“白色是雪的颜色”是不同的句子,但它们判断相同的事,是相同的命题;同时,命题也不依赖于语言,不同的语言可以表达相同的命题,例如,“雪是白的”和“Snow is white”是相同的判断。疑问句、祈使句、感叹句都不能表达命题。[1]

由其他命题推出命题(前提推出结论)的过程,叫做推论;而这些作为前提和结论的命题的集合,叫做论证命题逻辑主要处理命题及其之间的逻辑关系。

一些哲学家,诸如约翰·瑟尔,认为其他形式的语言或行为也判定命题。是非疑问句是对命题真值的询问。道路交通标志不通过语言和文字也表达了命题。使用陈述句也可能给出一个命题而不判定它,例如,在当老师请学生对某个引用发表意见的时候,这个引用就是一个命题(即它有语义)而这个老师并没有判定它。在上一段中,只给出了命题雪是白的,但没有判定它。

例子

代码 结果
((Ifnotempty|a|true|false))
((Ifnotempty| |true|false))

参见


  1. ^ Irving & Carl 2019,第4-5页.
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模板:Ifnotempty/doc
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