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爆炸当量

爆炸当量又称“TNT当量”,是指炸药的爆炸造成的威力,相当于多少质量单位的三硝基甲苯(TNT)爆炸所造成的威力相同。质量单位通常以千克(kg)或(t)来计量,而在核武器的威力衡量上则通常用“万吨”,较少使用的有“亿吨”。由于TNT每单位质量所产生的爆炸程度基本相同,所以以该种炸药作为爆炸当量的参考系。

如果某种武器表明爆炸当量为2万吨,意思就是说该种武器所产生的威力与2万吨TNT爆炸产生的威力相同。通常来说,核子武器的爆炸当量都在10,000吨以上。于1945年8月6日,投于日本广岛核弹大约等于1.3万吨的TNT,现代的战略核子武器大约都相当于数万吨到数百万吨TNT,战术核武器则约一千吨到数万吨TNT,曾试爆过最大的核弹是俄国5800万吨的沙皇炸弹,最小的是美国的约十吨大卫克罗无后座力炮

核弹头的爆炸当量

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TNT的威力

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一克的TNT爆炸会释放出约4184焦耳(J)的能量。[1]

重量/TNT 单位 能量

1克

μT / g 4.184×103 J

1千克

mT / kg 4.184×106 J

1吨

t / Mg 4.184×109 J

1千吨

kt / Gg 4.184×1012 J

1百万吨

Mt / Tg 4.184×1015 J

10亿吨

Gt / Pg 4.184×1018 J

参考文献

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引用

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来源

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爆炸当量
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