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宾动主语序

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如果在句子中,主语(S)、宾语(O)、动词(V)按照“宾-动-主”的顺序排列,这种语序就被称为宾-动-主语序(OVS,Object–Verb–Subject)。

它是六种可能使用的语序中第二少见的一种,但是依然有些语言以此种语序为基本语序,像希卡利亚纳语(使用于巴西亚马逊河流域的一种语言)、Guarijio语(使用于墨西哥西北部的一种犹他-阿兹特克语系语言)等,在这些语言中,“山姆 吃 橘子”这句话会看起来像“橘子 吃 山姆”的样子,许多SVO语序语言的被动式即为OVS,如“此孩见(受)惩于其母”,句中“此孩”皆为动作接受者,即宾语,“见(受)惩”则为谓语,“其母”为动作者,即主语。故此两句亦同“母惩其孩”。“The boy was hit by his mother”(翻译:那男孩被他母亲打了)这句英语中,The boy为动作的接受者,在事实上是宾语,was hit为谓语,his mother为动作者,在事实上为主语,因此这个句子等价于“The boy's mother hit the boy”。

一些语言,像巴斯克语德语罗马尼亚语拉丁语、人造语言世界语等具有格变化,因为语序较自由,进而可调换的语言亦有可能使用此种语序,纵使这不是它们本身的基本语序。

人造语言克林贡语是电影中外星人的语言,基本上为OVS语序,以制造出一种外星语言的感觉。

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宾动主语序
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