Mockito
开发者 | 斯蒂芬·费伯(Szczepan Faber)、布莱斯·杜泰尔(Brice Dutheil)、拉斐尔·温特哈特(Rafael Winterhalter)、蒂姆·范德利普(Tim van der Lippe)等 |
---|---|
当前版本 | 2022年4月21日[1] |
源代码库 | github |
编程语言 | Java |
类型 | 测试 |
许可协议 | MIT许可证[2] |
网站 | site |
Mockito是一个Java平台的开源测试框架,在MIT许可证下发布。[3][4]该框架允许在自动化单元测试中创建测试替身对象(模拟对象),用于测试驱动开发(TDD)或行为驱动开发(BDD)。
该框架的名称和图标是对莫吉托(Mojito,一种饮料)的模仿。
特点
[编辑]Mockito允许开发人员验证被测系统(SUT)的行为,而无需事先建立期望。[5]对于模拟对象,有人批评其测试代码与被测系统的紧耦合。[6]Mockito试图通过取消期望规范,来摆脱“期望-运行-验证”的模式。[7]Mockito还提供了一些用于减少样板代码的注解。[8]
起源
[编辑]Mockito是从扩展EasyMock的语法和功能开始的。[9][10]
例子
[编辑]下面是一个非耦合的Hello world程序;我们可以对它的某些部分进行单元测试,对其它部分使用模拟对象。
package org.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloApplication {
public static interface Greeter {
String getGreeting(String subject);
String getIntroduction(String actor);
}
public static class HelloGreeter implements Greeter {
private String hello;
private String segmenter;
public HelloGreeter(String hello, String segmenter) {
this.hello = hello;
this.segmenter = segmenter;
}
public String getGreeting(String subject) {
return hello + " " + subject;
}
public String getIntroduction(String actor) {
return actor+segmenter;
}
}
public static interface HelloActable {
void sayHello(String actor, String subject) throws IOException;
}
public static class HelloAction implements HelloActable {
private Greeter helloGreeter;
private Appendable helloWriter;
public HelloAction(Greeter helloGreeter, Appendable helloWriter) {
super();
this.helloGreeter = helloGreeter;
this.helloWriter = helloWriter;
}
public void sayHello(String actor, String subject) throws IOException {
helloWriter.append(helloGreeter.getIntroduction(actor)).append(helloGreeter.getGreeting(subject));
}
}
public static void main(String... args) throws IOException {
new HelloAction(new HelloGreeter("hello", ": "), System.out).sayHello("application", "world");
}
}
启动HelloApplication后,结果如下:
application: hello world
HelloActable组件的单元测试可能如下:
package org.examples;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloActable;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloAction;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.Greeter;
public class HelloActionUnitTest {
Greeter helloGreeterMock;
Appendable helloWriterMock;
HelloActable helloAction;
@Before
public void setUp() {
helloGreeterMock = mock(Greeter.class);
helloWriterMock = mock(Appendable.class);
helloAction = new HelloAction(helloGreeterMock, helloWriterMock);
}
@Test
public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
when(helloWriterMock.append(any(String.class))).thenReturn(helloWriterMock);
when(helloGreeterMock.getIntroduction(eq("unitTest"))).thenReturn("unitTest : ");
when(helloGreeterMock.getGreeting(eq("world"))).thenReturn("hi world");
helloAction.sayHello("unitTest", "world");
verify(helloGreeterMock).getIntroduction(eq("unitTest"));
verify(helloGreeterMock).getGreeting(eq("world"));
verify(helloWriterMock, times(2)).append(any(String.class));
verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("unitTest : "));
verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("hi world"));
}
}
它为Greeter和Appendable接口使用了模拟对象,并隐式假设了下一个用例:
unitTest : hi world
用于测试Greeter与HelloActable联合在一起的集成测试代码可能如下:
package org.examples;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloActable;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloAction;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.Greeter;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloGreeter;
public class HelloActionIntegrationTest {
HelloActable helloAction;
Greeter helloGreeter;
Appendable helloWriterMock;
@Before
public void setUp() {
helloGreeter = new HelloGreeter("welcome", " says ");
helloWriterMock = mock(Appendable.class);
helloAction = new HelloAction(helloGreeter, helloWriterMock);
}
@Test
public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
when(helloWriterMock.append(any(String.class))).thenReturn(helloWriterMock);
helloAction.sayHello("integrationTest", "universe");
verify(helloWriterMock, times(2)).append(any(String.class));
verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("integrationTest says "));
verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("welcome universe"));
}
}
它仅使用模拟对象代替Appendable接口,而使用其它(HelloActable和Greeter)接口的真实实现,并隐式假设了下一个用例:
integrationTest says welcome universe
从HelloActionUnitTest和HelloActionIntegrationTest这两个类的import语句可以看出,需要在类路径中加入一些Mockito和JUnit的包才能编译和运行测试类。
参见
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Project Releases Overview on GitHub [GitHub上的项目发布概览]. GitHub. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-28) (英语).
- ^ License · mockito/mockito Wiki [许可证·mockito/mockito Wiki]. GitHub. [2019-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-14) (英语).
- ^ Mockito in six easy examples [Mockito六个简单的例子]. 2009 [2012-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-14) (英语).
- ^ What's the best mock framework for Java? [Java最好的模拟框架是什么?]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-02) (英语).
- ^ Features and Motivations [特点与动机]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-22) (英语).
- ^ Fowler, Martin. Mocks Aren't Stubs [模拟不是空壳]. 2007 [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-19) (英语).
- ^ Faber, Szczepan. Death Wish [期望之死]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-30) (英语).
- ^ Kaczanowski, Tomek. Mockito - Open Source Java Mocking Framework [Mockito——开源的Java模拟框架]. [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-15) (英语).
- ^ Faber, Szczepan. Mockito. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-29) (英语).
- ^ Mockito Home Page [Mockito主页]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-21) (英语).
外部链接
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