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马上枪术比赛

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长枪比武大赛是西方文艺复兴节的主要节目。

马上枪术比赛,或称马上长矛比武,是两名骑士之间的武术竞技,在十四至十六世纪间的中世纪以及文艺复兴早期最为兴盛。

参赛的骑士一般都备有三种武器:长枪、单手剑和一种匕首(Rondel)。比赛时把对方打下马的骑士为该局的胜利者。若两名参赛者同时下马,该局视为和局,比赛则会由比决定胜负。若两人均未被击倒,胜利则归于长枪损毁较严重的一方,因为那是较重的一击,或与对手有较长接触的迹象。马上比武通常采用三局两胜制。

数世纪以后,由混战式武斗(Mêlées)衍生而来的马上比武被新增至比武大会(tournament)中。该种个人的混战式武斗虽然更加接近真实战斗,但马上比武更能显示出个人实力,而且较不容易演变成大规模厮杀——尽管马上比武仍算危险的活动。透过马上比武,骑士可获得可观的名望和财富。比赛的胜利者通常会获得对手的铠甲,以及价值相当于一座房子的奖金。许多骑士因此而发达,亦有不少因而赔本。

后来,由于疾病与战争的因素导致人口锐减,比武大会改采用积分制,并改用单项竞赛,比赛前参赛者的侍从要在主办单位缴交爵士证明书,有些主办单位非常重视爵士身份,最少要继承三代以上,合格后侍从会指出主人要参加的项目,一项至多项不等,但马上长枪比武依然是最热门的比赛。

参见

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少女骑士物语
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马上枪术比赛
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