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JP-4

JP-4、或JP4(JP为"Jet Propellant"的简写,喷射推进燃料)是一种喷射燃油,是由美国政府于 1951 所指定。(MIL-J-5624E)。它是一种50ː50的煤油汽油混合物。它比JP-1的燃点更低,但因为它易于生产而被广泛使用。JP-4 是美国空军在 1951 和 1995 年间,主要的喷射飞机燃油。它在北大西洋公约组织(NATO)的代号是F-40。它也常被叫做所谓的avtag

JP-4 为脂肪族芳香族碳氢化合物混合剂。它是一种可燃的透明液体,外观清澈或带点些微的草莓色,有类似煤油般的气味。它容易挥发且浮于水面。虽然它具有低燃点的特性(-18°C),但假如一根点燃的火柴掉在JP-4上面却不会引燃它。JP-4在-60°C的时候会凝固,而它的最大燃烧温度可达3688°C。

商用飞机也使用类似的混合物,但是名称改作Jet-B。JP-4则是另外包含抗腐蚀剂和抗冻剂

JP-4是非导电液体,但在油管或油槽间输油时容易堆积静电。由于它易于挥发且低燃点,静电放电后可能会导致起火。自从 1980 年代中期开始将抗静电剂添加进燃油,以降低电荷累积的现象并降低了其引发火灾的风险。除此之外,输油时的流速也必须适当控制,且所有使用到的设备都必须有确实的接地动作。

由于对低可燃性与低危险性燃油的需求日增,使得美国空军逐步汰换了 JP-4 而改采 JP-8,整个移转过程在 1996 年秋天已经全部完成。

延伸阅读

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  • JP-1
  • JP-5
  • JP-8

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JP-4
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