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E-1追踪者预警机

Grumman E-1(WF) Tracer
E-1B
概观
类型舰载预警机
乘员4人(2名机组人员和2名雷达操作人员)
首飞1956年12月17日
服役1958年
退役1977年
生产格鲁曼公司
产量88架
现况已退役
主要用户美国海军
衍生自C-1商人运输机
技术数据
长度45ft4in(13.82m)[1]
翼展72ft4in(22.05m)
高度16ft10in(5.13m)
翼面积506sq ft(47.0m²)
空重20,638lb(9,361kg)
正常起飞重量24,800lb(11,249kg)
最大起飞重量24,800lb(11,249kg)
发动机2具Wright R-1820-82A Cyclone英语Wright R-1820 Cyclone9缸风冷径向活塞发动机
推力每具1,525hp(1,137kW)
性能数据
最大速度238mph(383km/h,207kn)
巡航速度163mph(262km/h,142kn)
爬升率1,120ft/min(5.7m/s)
最大升限15,800ft(4,800m)
最大航程1,035mi(1,666km,899nmi)

E-1追踪者(英语:Tracer)(1962年之前称为WF)是美国海军使用的第一架专用舰载预警机。该机是C-1商人运输机的延伸型,于1958年投入使用。到1970年代,它被更现代E-2空中预警机取代。

发展

根据1922 年美国海军飞机编号系统英语1922 United States Navy aircraft designation systemE-1命名为 WF; 这个称号为它赢得了威利福德(Willy Fudd)的绰号。追踪者源自C-1商人运输机,C-1本身是S-2搜索者巡逻机的衍生型,在旧命名系统下称为S2F,绰号凳子(Stoof),这导致了WF/E-1因其独特的雷达罩英语Radome被称为带屋顶的凳子(Stoof with a Roof)[2]E-1具有折叠机翼,其设计非常特殊,其机翼沿着机身两侧向后折叠,与机翼向上折叠的S-2和C-1不同。机身顶部的天线罩使得E-1的设计师重新采用格鲁曼公司专利的”Sto-Wing”折叠机翼系统的更新版本,该系统首创于二战初期由格鲁曼的F4F-4野猫[3][4][5]

雷达

猎空的雷达罩和机身上安装了Hazeltine英语Hazeltine CorporationAN/APS-82。该雷达配备机载移动目标指示,可将反射雷达能量中的一个脉冲时间的影像与下一个脉冲时间的影像进行比较,以区分正在飞行的飞机和海洋表面波浪作用产生的杂波。与周围海洋反射的能量相比,飞机反射的能量会快速改变位置。将移动物体与静止背景分离是透过适当的硬件来完成的。

服役

1976年,110舰载机载预警中队英语VAW-110的E-1B在富兰克林罗斯福号航空母舰上服役后,展示了格鲁曼专利的Sto-Wing机翼折叠装置

作为第一批舰载预警机,E-1服役于1958年至1977年间,尽管仅被视为过渡型,并在1960代中期被E-2空中预警机取代。在越战初期,E-1被广泛部署于太平洋周边的航空母舰舰队上,为战斗空中巡逻 (combat air patrol,CAP) 战斗机提供目标向量,并控制北越上空的阿尔法打击英语Alpha strikes。E-1B的巡航半径为250-300miles,可作为预警机对敌方米格战机进行打击。[6]


到1973年5月,大多数 E-1B 已退役,只有弗吉尼亚州诺福克海军基地的四架VAW-121仍在服役。这些飞机在富兰克林罗斯福号航空母舰上最后一次巡航后,很快于1977年仲夏节退役,并被运送到戴维斯-蒙森空军基地存放。E-1B于1977年从库存中剔除。

型号

原型机XTF-1W
XTF-1W
没有电子设备的空气动力原型机(BuNo 136792) , 后来变成C-1A,保留双尾翼
XWF-1
重新命名的XTF-1W
汉考克号航空母舰弹射器上的第11舰载机载预警中队英语VAW-11的WF-2,摄于1962年
WF-2
TF-1 Trader的量产预警机版本,1962年重新命名为E-1B,共88架
E-1B
1962年重新命名的WF-2

参考

3-view line drawing of the Grumman WF-2 Tracker
3-view line drawing of the Grumman WF-2 Tracker

注记

  1. ^ "Standard Aircraft Characteristics:Navy Model E-1B Aircraft: NAVAIR 00-110AW1-1." Naval Air Systems Command, 1 July 1967.
  2. ^ O'Rourke, G.G., CAPT USN. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads". United States Naval Institute Proceedings, July 1968.
  3. ^ Dwyer, Larry. The Aviation History Online Museum - Grumman F4F Wildcat. aviation-history.com. The Aviation History Online Museum. 19 February 2014 [April 2, 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-05). The F4F-4 was the first version of the Wildcat to feature a Grumman innovation, the Sto-Wing. The Sto-Wing used a novel approach using a compound angle folding-wing that was unique to Grumman...It was a successful design that was later used on the F6F Hellcat and TBF Avenger. 
  4. ^ WING-FOLDING MECHANISM OF THE GRUMMAN WILDCAT - An American Society of Mechanical Engineers Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. asme.org. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. May 15, 2006 [April 29, 2017]. (原始内容存档于October 21, 2015). The innovative wing folding mechanism (STO-Wing), developed by Leroy Grumman in early 1941 and first applied to the XF4F-4 Wildcat, manufactured by the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, is designated an ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. 
  5. ^ Jackson, David D. "Surviving Grumman S2F Tracker Information Repository."页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆s2ftracker.com. Retrieved: 29 October 2011.
  6. ^ Sullivan 1990, p. 7.

书籍

  • Sullivan, Jim. S2F Tracker in Action (Aircraft in Action No. 100). Carrollton: Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1990. ISBN 978-0-89747-242-5.
  • Winchester, Jim, ed. "Grumman S-2E/F/G/UP Tracker." Modern Military Aircraft (Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. ISBN 1-84013-640-5.

外部链接

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E-1追踪者预警机
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