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杂交探针

杂交探针(英语:Hybridization probe)又称核酸探针(指核酸杂交),是一小段单链DNA片段(十几到几百个碱基),用于检测与其互补核酸序列。双链DNA加热变性成为单链,随后用放射性同位素(通常用32P)、荧光染料或者(如辣根过氧化物酶)标记成为探针。32P通常被掺入组成DNA的四种核苷酸之一的磷酸基团中,而萤光染料和酶与核酸序列以共价键相连。

当将探针与样品杂交时,探针和与其互补的核酸(DNARNA)序列通过氢键紧密相连,随后,未被杂交的多余探针被洗去。最后,根据探针的种类,可进行放射自显影、荧光显微镜、酶联放大等方法来判断样品中是否含有,或者何位置含有被测序列(即与探针互补的序列)。

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杂交探针
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