犬属
犬属 化石时期：中新世晚期至现在
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| 灰狼（上），郊狼与金狼（中），埃塞俄比亚狼和亚洲胡狼（下） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目： | 食肉目 Carnivora |
| 科： | 犬科 Canidae |
| 亚科： | 犬亚科 Caninae |
| 族： | 犬族 Canini |
| 亚族： | 犬亚族 Canina |
| 属： | 犬属 Canis Linnaeus, 1758 |
| 种 | |
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现生： | |
犬属（学名：Canis）是食肉目犬科下的一个属，共有5个现生种，包括被认为是家犬（Canis lupus familiaris）祖先的灰狼（Canis lupus）。与犬属较近的属是非洲野犬属，而较远的则有伪狐属和其他的南美胡狼。犬属中还有许多已经灭绝的物种，这是一个很古老的属，可追溯至中新世晚期。
物种
犬属现生成员包括5个物种，即埃塞俄比亚狼（Canis simensis）、亚洲胡狼（Canis aureus）[1]、金狼（Canis lupaster）、郊狼（Canis latrans）和灰狼（Canis lupus）[2]。犬属曾经还包括侧纹胡狼（Canis adustus）和黑背胡狼（Canis mesomelas），但现在已经根据遗传学上的证据将它们归入胡狼属（Lupulella）。而发现的各种大型犬族化石则一般全部都归入犬属。[3]
史前物种
犬属是第四纪的标志属，在食肉类化石中数量往往非常多。犬属也是生物地层学重要的标志物种，欧洲有多个迁徙事件就是以一些大型犬族的出现作为标志。[3]
犬属化石主要有：
- Canis accitanus Garrido & Arribas, 2008
- Canis acutus
- 非洲异豺 Canis africanus Pohle, 1928
- Canis alopex Linnaeus, 1758
- Canis anceps
- Canis antarcticus Shaw, 1800
- Canis antarticus Kerr, 1792
- Canis anthus F.Cuvier, 1820
- Canis antiquus
- Canis antonii Zdansky, 1924
- 安氏犬 Canis antonii
- Canis apolloniensis Koufos & Kostopoulos, 1997
- 安布鲁斯特狼 Canis armbrusteri Gidley, 1913
- 阿诺河犬 Canis arnensis Del Campana, 1913
- Canis atrox
- Canis avicularius Zimmermann, 1780
- Canis avus
- Canis borjgali Bartolini Lucenti, Bukhsianidze, Martínez-Navarro & Lordkianidze, 2020
- Canis brachypus
- 短头犬 Canis brevicephalus Qiu et al., 2004
- Canis brevirostris
- Canis cautleyi
- Canis cedazoensis Mooser & Dalquest, 1975
- 直隶犬 Canis chihliensis
- Canis cipio
- Canis condoni
- Canis dingo Meyer, 1793[4]
- 恐狼 Canis dirus Leidy, 1858
- Canis edwardii Gazin, 1942
- Canis ensenadensis
- 埃楚斯堪狼 Canis etruscus Major, 1877
- Canis falconeri
- 骇狼 Canis ferox
- Canis khomenkoi
- Canis kuruksaensis
- 食兔狼 Canis lepophagus
- 龙担犬 Canis longdanensis
- Canis lupaster
- Canis lycanoides
- Canis majori
- Canis medius
- Canis megamastoides
- Canis michauxi
- Canis moreni
- 莫斯巴赫狼 Canis mosbachensis
- 莫斯巴赫狼亲近种 Canis aff. mosbachensis
- Canis nehringi
- Canis neschersensis
- Canis palaeoplatensis
- Canis petenyi
- Canis protojubatus
- Canis protoplatensis
- Canis robustus
- Canis strandi
- Canis suessi
- 德氏犬 Canis teilhardi
- Canis temerarius
- Canis terblanchei
- Canis troglodytes
- Canis ursinus
- 变异狼 Canis variabilis
- Canis velaunus
- Canis volgensis
- Canis yuanmoensis
参考文献
- ^ Klára Pyšková, David Storch, Ivan Horáček, Ondřej Kauzál and Petr Pyšek. 2016. Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in the Czech Republic: the First Record of A Live Animal and Its Long-term Persistence in the Colonized Habitat. ZooKeys. 641; 151-163. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.641.10946
- ^ Zoe Landry, Sora Kim, Robin B. Trayler, Marisa,Gilbert, Grant Zazula, John Southon and Danielle Fraser. 2021. Dietary Reconstruction and Evidence of Prey Shifting in Pleistocene and Recent Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571, 110368. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Jiangzuo, Qigao. Geographical and chronological distribution of Chinese Pleistocene large canids: Current status and prospects. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2021-04-01, 66 (12): 1426–1440. doi:10.1360/TB-2020-0690.
- ^ Bradley P. Smith, Kylie M. Cairns, Justin W. Adams, Thomas M. Newsome, Melanie Fillios, Eloïse C. Déaux, William C. H. Parr, Mike Letnic, Lily M. V. Eeden, Robert M. Appleby, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Peter Savolainen, Euan G. Ritchie, Dale G. Nimmo, Clare Archer-Lean, Aaron C. Greenville, Christopher R. Dickman, Lyn Watson, Katherine E. Moseby, Tim S. Doherty, Arian D. Wallach, Damian S. Morrant and Mathew S. Crowther. 2019. Taxonomic Status of the Australian Dingo: the Case for Canis dingo Meyer, 1793. Zootaxa. 4564(1); 173–197. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.6
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