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COSMOSOMAS

COSMOSOMAS
基本资料
组织加那利天体物理研究所
坐标28°18′03″N 16°30′36″W / 28.30089°N 16.51011°W / 28.30089; -16.51011
启用1998年
望远镜型式射电望远镜cosmic microwave background experiment[*]
口径2.5 米、​1.8 米
www.iac.es/proyecto/cmb/pages/en/former-cmb-experiments/cosmosomas.php

COSMOSOMAS是一项圆形扫描天文微波实验,旨在研究宇宙微波背景的各向异性和星系在1-5度角尺度上的漫射。它由西班牙特内里费加那利群岛天文研究所 (英语:Instituto de Astrofísica de CanariasIAC)于1998年设计和建造。它的名字来源于“中等角度尺度上的宇宙逻辑结构”,指的是宇宙微波背景(CMB)的波动。这个实验源于之前特内里费岛实验的经验,需要使用更小的角度尺度和更高的灵敏度。

该实验由两个仪器组成,COSMO15(12.7、14.7和16.3 GHz的三个通道)和COSMO11(10.9 GHz的两手性线偏振)。这两种仪器都基于圆形扫描天空策略,由一个60转/分的旋转平面镜组成,将天空辐射引导到离轴抛物面天线中,该天线的尺寸在COSMO15中为1.8米,在COSMO11中为2.4米。无论是COSMO11的10–12 GHz和COSMO15的12–18 GHz的频率范围内,这些天线将辐射集中在基于低温冷却在20K(-253 C)工作温度下的HEMT接收器上。 在COSMO15仪器中,讯号由一组三个滤波器分割,允许在13、15和17 GHz下同时观测。因此,在这些频率下,每天都会获得四张覆盖全部赤经与赤纬20度范围的1度分辩率天空图。

这项实验最重要的结果是在英仙座分子云中探测到了最干净地“旋转的尘埃英语Spinning dust”。这些是非常小的尘埃颗粒,每秒可以旋转数千万次。如果它们有不对称的电荷,它们可以像许多微小的偶极子天线一样辐射。由于大尘埃颗粒的热发射,这种云在红外波长下非常明亮,但预期这种类型的尘埃在微波波长下的发射很少。取而代之的是以22 GHz为中心的讯号的大幅度波动,比预期的讯号水准高出50倍。

参考资料


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COSMOSOMAS
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