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复杂指令集计算机

复杂指令集计算机英文Complex Instruction Set Computer缩写CISC)是一种微处理器指令集架构,每个指令可执行若干低端操作,诸如从存储器读取、存储、和计算操作,全部集于单一指令之中。与之相对的是精简指令集

复杂指令集的特点是指令数目多而复杂,每条指令字长并不相等,电脑必须加以判读,并为此付出了性能的代价。

精简指令集处理器发迹以前,许多电脑架构尝试跨越“语义鸿沟英语Semantic gap”——设计出借由提供“高阶”指令支持高级编程语言的指令集,诸如程序调用和返回,循环指令诸如“若非零则减量和分支”和复杂寻址模式以允许数据结构和数组存取以结合至单一指令。与复杂指令集相比,精简指令集实现更容易,指令并行执行程度更好,编译器的效率更高。

属于复杂指令集的处理器有CDC 6600System/360VAXPDP-11Motorola 68000家族、x86AMD Opteron等。

参考文献

  • 本条目部分或全部内容出自以GFDL授权发布的《自由在线电脑词典》(FOLDOC)。
  • Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (2006) Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ.

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复杂指令集计算机
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