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AAA (电子游戏产业)

E3电子游戏展中展出的AAA作品《HALO4》

AAA游戏,也称为3A游戏,为电子游戏产业中的一个分野,没有准确定义,一般认为是指投入高制作费用与高营销成本的游戏[1][2][3][4]。其中营销成本也是巨大的开销,宣传费用甚至可能超过制作游戏本身的花费[5]。根据inXile娱乐CEO Brian Fargo的访谈,以相对AAA低一阶的AA级游戏来说,在2018年仅以制作费用估量,AA级的上限已达到2000万美元水准[6];由上述数字可知,AAA级游戏的制作费用无疑是一笔相对更高的巨额投资。根据前索尼互动娱乐CEO Shawn Layden的访谈,就2020年市场中的大多数AAA级游戏来看,仅估算制作费用已达8000万至1亿5000万美元的水准,并需要长达5年的游戏制作时间[7]

起源

1983年伴随着雅达利冲击事件,整个北美游戏行业进入大萧条。于是,早期现代主义的电子游戏在80年代出现,游戏公司急需一个崭新而准确的标准术语来区分游戏的优劣。任天堂等公司第一批创建品质审核机制,若游戏通过这个审核则意味着该游戏的品质有一定保证[8]。 Beam Software的员工Alfred Milgrom则重新诠释高品质的定义——零缺陷[9]。这在当时的游戏业内都是不敢想象的。此时业内对游戏品质的评判多还是通过数字或者文字评论,而没有相关的专有词汇来描述、分类。

于是从90年代开始,在美国的一些游戏产业会议中(如CESCGDCE3和其他私人会议),有些企业开始使用AAA一词来描述自家游戏作品的规模与水准[10]。这源自于美国的学术评分方式:A为最高,F表示最低。游戏领域AAA有时可视同电影中的“大片[11]。进入千禧年以来,许多发行商尚在游戏发行前,就将之冠上AAA[4][12][13],并投入巨额的研发与行销预算[14]

作品

参考文献

  1. ^ Kent, Steven. The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World First. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4. 
  2. ^ Demaria, Rusel; Wilson, John. High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games First. USA: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. 2002. ISBN 0-07-222428-2. 
  3. ^ J.P.Wolf, Mark. The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond First. London: Greenwood Press. 2002. ISBN 0240811461. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 E3 Report: The Path to Creating AAA Games. gamasutra.com. [2014-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-10). 
  5. ^ James Orry. Modern Warfare 2 cost $40-$50 million. 2009-11-19 [2019-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-14). 
  6. ^ InXile acquired by Microsoft: the interview页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Eurogamer.net (19/11/2018)
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2021-11-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-30). 
  8. ^ Licensed and Unlicensed Products. nintendo.com. [2014-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-14). 
  9. ^ Donovan, Tristan. Replay: The History of Video Games First. East Sussex,UK: Yellow Ant. 2010. ISBN 978-0-9565072-2-8. 
  10. ^ Rusel Demaria and John Wilson. High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic First. USA: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. 2002. ISBN 0-07-222428-2. 
  11. ^ Steinberg, Scott. The definitive guide: Videogame marketing and PR First. USA: iUniverse, Inc. 2007. ISBN 0-07-222428-2. 
  12. ^ ubisoft-has-2-new-aaa-games-coming. ign.co.uk. [2014-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-05). 
  13. ^ black-tusk-creating-aaa-game-for-xbox-one. joystick.com. [2014-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-31). 
  14. ^ Thomas, David; Orland, Kyle and Steinberg, Scott. The Videogame Style Guide and Reference Manual First. USA: Lulu.com/IGJA. 2007. ISBN 978-0595433711. 
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AAA (电子游戏产业)
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