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1679年三河平谷地震

1679年三河平谷地震
1679年三河平谷地震在中国的位置
1679年三河平谷地震
北京
北京
震级8.0 MW
震源深度19 km(12 mi)
震中40°00′N 116°59′E / 40.000°N 116.983°E / 40.000; 116.983 (河北廊坊市三河)
断层夏垫断裂[1]
影响地区大清
伤亡约45,500人

1679年三河平谷地震或称京师大地震,是指发生在1679年9月2日(康熙十八年七月二十八日)中国河北省北部燕山地震带的大地震[2][3]。震央位于河北省大厂回族自治县夏垫镇(时直隶省三河县)。此震是中国东部人口稠密地区影响广泛和损失惨重的知名历史地震之一,是北京附近历史上发生的最大地震。震级估计为8级。

影响

这次地震对北京东部的三河平谷镇最具破坏性。在这两个城镇中,强度估计达到X(极高),而在北京,强度达到VIII(严重)。三河几乎被摧毁,而在平谷,只有30-40%的家庭幸存下来。北京的许多建筑物和构筑物也因此损坏,北海白塔德胜门都被摧毁。康熙帝幸存下来这次地震,但有许多官员和平民丧生[1]。虽然死亡总数未知,但据估计约有超过45,500人死亡[4][5]

康熙帝的反应

康熙帝发了罪己诏,言道:“朕御极以来、孜孜求治、期于上合天心、下安黎庶、夙夜兢惕、不敢怠荒。乃于本月二十八日巳时、地忽大震。变出非常。皆因朕躬不德、政治未协、大小臣工、弗能恪共职业、以致阴阳不和、灾异示警。”[6]他还遣官告祭天坛,并数次率诸王、文武官员诣天坛亲行祈祷。[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Grossi, Patricia. The 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake: Implications for the Modern-day Beijing Region (PDF). Risk Management Solutions, Inc. [22 August 2017]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-18). 
  2. ^ National Physical Atlas of China. Beijing, China: China Cartographic Publishing House. 1999. ISBN 978-7503120404. 
  3. ^ 阅世编·卷一·灾祥》:七月二十八日庚申,京师地震。自巳至酉,声如轰雷,势如涛涌,白昼晦暝,震倒顺承、得胜、海岱、彰仪等门,城垣坍毁无数,自宫殿以及官廨、民居,十倒七、八。
  4. ^ Wang, Xiaoshan; Feng, Xiangdong; Xu, Xiwei; Diao, Guiling; Wan, Yongge; Wang, Libin; Ma, Guangqing. Fault plane parameters of Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake in 1679 determined using present-day small earthquakes. Earthquake Science. 2014-12, 27 (6). Bibcode:2014EaSci..27..607W. ISSN 1674-4519. doi:10.1007/s11589-014-0099-3可免费查阅 (英语). 
  5. ^ Ruins of the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake (1679). Science Museums of China. Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences. [22 August 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-20). 
  6. ^ 清实录·康熙朝实录·卷之81
  7. ^ 康熙应对地震:先检讨后救灾-搜狐. history.sohu.com. [2021-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-10). 

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1679年三河平谷地震
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