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1222年金玺诏书.
1222年金玺诏书 |
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/II._Andr%C3%A1s_aranybull%C3%A1ja.jpg/350px-II._Andr%C3%A1s_aranybull%C3%A1ja.jpg) |
创建日期 | 1222 |
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作者 | 安德烈二世 |
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目的 | 确认贵族权利 |
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1222年的金玺诏书是由匈牙利王国的安德鲁二世颁布的金玺诏书。国王安德鲁二世被他的贵族强迫接受金玺诏书(Aranybulla),这是宪法限制欧洲君主权力的第一个例子。金玺诏书是在1222年的塞克什白堡会议中发行的。法律确立了匈牙利贵族的权利,包括在国王违反法律时不服从国王的权利(拉丁语:jus reactorendi)。贵族和教会免除了所有税收,不能被迫在匈牙利以外的地方开战,也没有义务为其提供资金。这也是一份具有历史意义的重要文件,因为它为所有国家的贵族制定了平等的原则。该法令共制作了七份,分别用于以下机构:给教皇、给圣殿骑士团、给医院骑士团、给匈牙利国王本身、给埃斯泰尔戈姆和考洛乔的宗教团体以及给匈牙利行宫伯爵(palatinus regni Hungariae)。
该宪章的制定受到贵族中产阶级的影响,这在该国的封建制度中是不寻常的。作为慷慨的常规姿态,安德鲁国王经常将财产捐赠给特别忠实的仆人,这些仆人此后获得了新的经济和阶级权力。随着国家阶级制度和经济状况的变化,安德鲁国王发现自己被迫颁布了1222年的金玺诏书法令,以缓和世袭贵族与新兴中产阶级贵族之间的紧张关系。
金玺诏书经常被和大宪章类比,1222年金玺诏书是匈牙利民族的第一个宪法文件,而大宪章是英格兰民族的第一部宪法。
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