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香港中式祠堂里供奉祖先牌位的神龛
日本神龛-神棚,供奉神道教

kān是供奉佛像神像神位祖先灵位等信仰对象或圣物的小阁子,如佛龛神龛等一般为制;也指石窟寺或庙堂墙壁上的凹陷部分,称为窟龛壁龛,有时可延伸到基督教等西方宗教建筑日语壁龕

小龛又称。龛表面常有精美的浮雕、通雕和半圆雕等纹饰,具有古典美感。

大龛一般放在宗祠中,而椟一般置于居室内。[1]

形制

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龛可分为有龛门及无龛门二种。在庙宇中的龛为方便受十方信徒礼拜,通常为开放式的,在中国大陆、台湾民宅通常也设有开放式的龛;日本家户则多为具有龛门的龛,在礼拜、祭祀时才会打开龛门。

日本

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日本,只有窟龛或窟龛形状的艺术品(如大都会博物馆藏品2008.504页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))才被称为佛龛(仏龛/ぶつがん),一般情况所用的龛有:

  • 佛敎的(日语:厨子;日文中厨是橱的异体字)。意思是椟,但汉语中椟多指棺椟或宝盒,存放祖先灵位式存在“神椟”一词;日语中则一般通称寺庙或居室内的佛龛都通称橱子或佛坛
  • 神道教的神棚かみだな)供奉神道教神明的神符(神札/しんさつ)于墙上,设祖灵舍(祖霊舎/それいしゃ)中安奉祖先牌位立于地板。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 金漆木雕人物故事神椟互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2008-11-23.》,广东省博物馆网
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