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迈克尔·霍顿

迈克尔·霍顿
Michael Houghton
出生1949年(74—75岁)
母校东英吉利大学 (BSc)
伦敦大学国王学院 (PhD)
知名于C型肝炎
丁型肝炎
奖项Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award (1992)
罗伯·柯霍奖 (1993)
William Beaumont Prize (1994)
拉斯克奖 (2000)
盖尔德纳国际奖 (2013 – 拒绝)
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 (2020)
网站Official website
科学生涯
研究领域微生物学
病毒学
机构阿尔伯塔大学
希龙公司英语Chiron Corporation
论文鸡输卵管中的RNA聚合酶和转录(1977)

迈克尔·霍顿(英语:Michael Houghton,1949年),英国科学家,和诺贝尔奖获得者。1989年,他与朱桂霖英语Qui-Lim Choo郭劲宏丹尼尔·布拉德利(Daniel W. Bradley)共同发现了C型肝炎[1]。他还于1986年共同发现了丁型肝炎基因组[2]C型肝炎病毒(HCV)的发现导致用于检测血液供应中C型肝炎病毒(HCV)的诊断试剂的迅速发展,这使通过输血获得C型肝炎病毒(HCV)的风险从三分之一减少到了约200万之一[3][4]。 据估计,仅在美国,抗体测试每年就至少预防了40,000例新的感染,而在全世界范围内,预防了更多的这种情况[5]

早年生平和教育 

1949年出生于英国,他的父亲是卡车司机和工会官员[5]。霍顿在读到有关路易斯·巴斯德(Louis Pasteur)的知识后,便被启发成为一名微生物学家[6][7]。霍顿1972年获东英吉利大学学士学位,并于1977年获伦敦大学国王学院生物学博士学位[5][8]

科学生涯

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020: Seminal experiments by HJ Alter, M Houghton and CM Rice leading to the discovery of HCV as the causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.

然后,他在白金汉郡塞尔研究实验室工作,在1982年成为希龙公司英语Chiron Corporation的非甲非乙型肝炎部主管。[9]正是在希龙公司英语Chiron Corporation,霍顿与来自美国疾病控制与预防中心的同事朱桂霖英语Qui-Lim Choo郭劲宏丹尼尔·布拉德利一起首次发现了C型肝炎病毒(HCV)的证据[10]

在20世纪80年代初CDC的丹尼尔·布拉德利黑猩猩的血清中分离了后来称为C肝病毒的非甲非乙型肝炎病毒。霍顿得以与布拉德利协作克隆这些病毒,并开发了一种测验血液的方法,在20世纪90年代初用于肝硬化肝癌患者。

2013年,阿尔伯塔大学霍顿的团队证明,源自单一C型肝炎病毒株的疫苗可有效对抗这种病毒的所有病毒株[11][12]。截至2020年,该疫苗正在进行非临床试验[13]

奖项

参考资料

  1. ^ Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science. April 1989, 244 (4902): 359–62. Bibcode:1989Sci...244..359C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.469.3592可免费查阅. PMID 2523562. doi:10.1126/science.2523562. 
  2. ^ Wang, KS; Choo, QL; Weiner, AJ; Ou, JH; Najarian, RC; Thayer, RM; Mullenbach, GT; Denniston, KJ; Gerin, JL; Houghton, M. Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome. Nature. 9 October 1986, 323 (6088): 508–14. Bibcode:1986Natur.323..508W. PMID 3762705. S2CID 4265339. doi:10.1038/323508a0. 
  3. ^ Opinion: Nobel-worthy discovery right in our backyard. Canadian for Health Research. [4 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-14). 
  4. ^ Science world abuzz as virologist turns down Gairdner award. The Globe and Mail. [10 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-04). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Thompson, Gilbert. Pioneers of Medicine Without a Nobel Prize. 2014: 209 [2020-11-21]. ISBN 978-1-78326-386-8. (原始内容存档于2021-07-01). 
  6. ^ Michael Houghton, PhD. Canadians for Health Research. [8 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-14). 
  7. ^ Eureka moments in research. Alberta Innovates: Health Solutions. [8 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-26). 
  8. ^ Boyer, J.L; Blum, H.E; Maier, K.P; Sauerbruch, T.; Stalder, G.A. Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development – Google Books. 31 March 2001 [12 January 2014]. ISBN 978-0-7923-8760-2. (原始内容存档于2021-07-01). 
  9. ^ Biographie in Boyer u. a. (Hrsg.): Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development, Kluwer 2001.
  10. ^ Houghton, M. The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus.. J. Hepatol. 2009, 51 (5): 939–948. PMID 19781804. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Law, JL; Chen, C; Wong, J; Hockman, D; Santer, DM; Frey, SE; Belshe, RB; Wakita, T; Bukh, J; Jones, CT; Rice, CM; Abrignani, S; Tyrrell, DL; Houghton, M. A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans.. PLOS ONE. 19 March 2013, 8 (3): e59776. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859776L. PMC 3602185可免费查阅. PMID 23527266. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059776. 
  12. ^ Houghton, M; Law, J; Tyrrell, DL. An inactivated hepatitis C virus vaccine on the horizon?. Gastroenterology. 2013, 145 (2): 285–288. PMID 23806539. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.029. 
  13. ^ University of Alberta virologist awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. EurekAlert!. [6 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-01) (英语). 
  14. ^ Canadian declines prestigious Gairdner award for medical research.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) CBC/Radio-Canada (cbc.ca); abgerufen am 20. März 2013
  15. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020. NobelPrize.org. [2020-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-05) (英语). 
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迈克尔·霍顿
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