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鱼鸟属

鱼鸟属
化石时期:晚白垩纪[1] 95–83.5 Ma
异椎鱼鸟(I. dispar)的复原图
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 兽脚亚目 Theropoda
演化支 鸟翼类 Avialae
演化支 今鸟型类 Ornithuromorpha
演化支 扇尾类 Ornithurae
演化支 鱼鸟类 Ichthyornithes
属: 鱼鸟属 Ichthyornis
Marsh, 1873
模式种
异椎鱼鸟
Ichthyornis dispar

(Marsh, 1872)
异名

Angelinornis Kashin 1972
Colonosaurus Marsh, 1872c
Plegadornis Wetmore 1962

种异名
  • Graculavus anceps Marsh, 1872a
  • Ichthyornis anceps (Marsh 1872a) Marsh 1872b
  • Colonosaurus mudgei Marsh, 1872c
  • Graculavus agilis Marsh, 1873b
  • Ichthyornis agilis (Marsh, 1873b) Marsh 1880
  • Ichthyornis victor Marsh, 1876
  • Ichthyornis validus Marsh, 1880
  • Plegadornis antecessor Wetmore, 1962
  • Angelinornis antecessor (Wetmore, 1962) Kashin 1972
  • Ichthyornis antecessor (Wetmore, 1962) Olson 1975

鱼鸟属学名Ichthyornis)是一属已经灭绝的鸟类,其下仅有模式种异椎鱼鸟(学名:Ichthyornis dispar)一个有效种。鱼鸟生存在白垩纪晚期(约在 95–83.5 百万年前)的北美洲,牠们的化石可以在加拿大亚伯达省萨克其万美国阿拉巴马州堪萨斯州新墨西哥州德州白垩岩中发现,位置皆为当时属于西部内陆海道的区域。

鱼鸟在鸟类演化史上扮演着很重要的角色,为最早发现仍然保有牙齿特征的化石鸟类,而这项特征也间接佐证了查尔斯·达尔文演化论。鱼鸟同时也是少数保有化石样本的中生代扇尾类

描述

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两具成年鱼鸟(I. dispar)标本的体型大小与人类的比较。蓝色为标本YPM 1742,绿色为标本YPM 1450,YPM 1450 出现的年代约在 YPM 1742 一百万年之前。
保存于落矶山恐龙资源中心英语Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center的骨架翻模模型。

鱼鸟的生活形式与现存的海鸥贼鸥剪嘴鸥等海鸟类似,有着相同的生态区位。鱼鸟的平均体型与鸽子接近,平均体长约为24厘米(9.4英寸),平均翼展则为43厘米(17英寸)(不含羽毛)[2],不过在不同标本之间鱼鸟的体型差异非常大,如标本YPM 1742的翼展就长达73厘米(29英寸),远高于平均翼展。[1]

鱼鸟的脊椎骨为双凹型关节面,与鱼类的脊椎骨类似,因此得名。鱼鸟的上、下颌中段具有槽生齿,前端则为。喙与黄昏鸟类似,由数枚角质片组成,如同现今的信天翁[3]牙齿后勾不带有锯齿边缘,比起鳄鱼与某些兽脚亚目恐龙的牙齿更为类似。[1]

虽然带有牙齿,不过鱼鸟的翅膀与胸骨发展得十分完善,胸骨龙骨突发达,与现今的鸟类类似,可能同样拥有不错的飞行能力。和较早期的反鸟亚纲成员不同,鱼鸟自出生后就会以极快且稳定的速度达到成熟。[4]

大众文化

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外部链接

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Clarke, J.A. Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2004, 286: 1–179 [2018-06-17]. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2004)286<0001:MPTASO>2.0.CO;2. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-03). 
  2. ^ Shimada, K.; Fernandes, M.V. Ichthyornis sp. (Aves: Ichthyornithiformes) from the lower Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2006, 109 (1/2): 21–26. doi:10.1660/0022-8443(2006)109[21:ISAIFT]2.0.CO;2. 
  3. ^ Lamb, J.P. Jr. Marsh was right: Ichthyornis had a beak. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1997, 17: 59A. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011028. 
  4. ^ Chinsamy, A., Martin, L.D. and Dobson, P. Bone microstructure of the diving Hesperornis and the volant Ichthyornis from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Cretaceous Research. April 1998, 19 (2): 225–235. doi:10.1006/cres.1997.0102. 
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鱼鸟属
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