鬣齿兽科
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鬣齿兽科 | |
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| 鬣齿兽的头颅骨。 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目： | †鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta |
| 科： | †鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae |
| 属 | |
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鬣齿兽科（学名：Hyaenodontidae）是已灭绝的肉齿目下的一科，其下包含了几十属的动物。
鬣齿兽科于古新世晚期出现，并一直繁衍至中新世。[1]牠们比相关的牛鬣兽科分布更为广泛及成功。[2]牠们有长的头颅骨，幼长的身体，及倾向于跖行。牠们肩高约30-140厘米。[2]当中的巨鬣齿兽可以重约500公斤，而大部分介乎于5-15公斤，如中等狗的大小。[3]牠们的头颅骨化石显示牠们有敏锐的嗅觉，而牙齿亦很适合撕开食物，而非咬碎。[2]
由于鬣齿兽科的不同体型，估计牠们会以不同的方式来捕猎。细小的可能是成群的在夜间猎食，较大的则可能是单独于日间猎食的。牠们的第二上及第三下臼齿是裂肉齿。
鬣齿兽科分布在北美洲至非洲[4][5]，且是渐新世欧亚大陆、非洲及北美洲上非常重要的大型肉食动物，但后来不名食肉目而差不多在渐新世末完全消失。其中只有四个属，包括伟鬣兽属、Hyainailouros、Dissopsalis及鬣齿兽属下的Hyaenodon weilini，生存至中新世，而当中只有Dissopsalis可以延续至中新世末期。
分类学与属
[编辑]
- 鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta
- 鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae[6]
- 鬣齿兽亚科 Hyaenodontinae
- 鬣齿兽属 Hyaenodon
- Genus Isohyaenodon
- Genus Metapterodon
- Genus Neoparapterodon
- Genus Pyrocyon
- Subfamily Hyainailourinae
- Genus Akhnatenavus
- Genus Anasinopa
- Genus Apterodon (syn. Dasyurodon)
- Genus Buhakia
- Genus Dissopsalis
- Genus Francotherium
- Genus Hyainailouros (syn. Sivapterodon),
- 伟鬣兽属 Megistotherium
- Genus Metasinopa
- Genus Pterodon
- Subfamily Limnocyoninae
- Genus Iridodon
- Genus Limnocyon (syn. Telmatocyon)
- Genus Oxyaenodon
- Genus Prolimnocyon
- Genus Thinocyon
- Subfamily Proviverrinae
- Genus Allopterodon
- Genus Arfia
- Genus Boualitomus
- Genus Cynohyaenodon
- Genus Eurotherium
- Genus Indohyaenodon
- Genus Kyawdawia
- Genus Leonhardtina
- Genus Masrasector
- Genus Paracynohyaenodon
- Genus Paratritemnodon
- Genus Prodissopsalis
- Genus Prototomus
- Genus Proviverra
- Genus Sinopa (syn. Stypolophus, Triacodon)
- Genus Tinerhodon
- Incertae sedis
- Genus Acarictis
- Genus Alienetherium
- Genus Consobrinus
- Genus Galecyon
- Genus Gazinocyon
- Genus Geiselotherium
- Genus Hemipsalodon
- Genus Hyaenodontipus
- Genus Imperatoria
- Genus Ischnognathus
- Genus Leakitherium
- Genus Orienspterodon
- Genus Oxyaenoides
- Genus Paenoxyaenoides
- Genus Parapterodon
- Genus Paravagula
- Genus Paroxyaena
- Genus Praecodens
- Genus Prolaena
- Genus Propterodon
- Genus Proviverroides
Tritemnodon - Genus Quasiapterodon
- Genus Quercitherium
- Genus Schizophagus
- Genus Teratodon
- Genus Thereutherium
- Genus Tritemnodon
- Genus Yarshea
- 鬣齿兽亚科 Hyaenodontinae
- 鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae[6]
The Machaeroidinae are sometimes placed here, e.g. by Egi, 2001.[7]
类剑齿虎亚科有时亦被分类在鬣齿兽科中。[3]
参考
[编辑]- ^ Barry, J. C. Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1988, 48 (1): 25–45.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lambert, David and the Diagram Group. New York: Facts on File Publications. 1985. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助); 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助) - ^ 3.0 3.1 Egi, Naoko. Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology. 2001, 44 (3): 497–528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189.
- ^ X Wang, ZX Qiu, BY Wang. Hyaenodonts and Carnivorans from the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2005, 8 (1): 6A [2008-05-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-11）.
- ^ "New Remains of Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) From the Oligocene of Central Mongolia" 存档副本 (PDF). [2008-05-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-08）.
- ^ The Paleobiology Database Hyaenodontidae page. [2017-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-12）.
- ^ Egi, Naoko (2001): Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology 44(3): 497-528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189
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