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驷马拖车

陈慈黉故居为驷马拖车建筑风格的代表

驷马拖车,又称“三落四从厝”,是广东潮汕地区一种多院落、多天井,规模宏大的大宅院。其结构形式与“百鸟朝凰”相似,只是两侧多两排从厝和两条火巷等[1]

格局特点

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一般以一座“三座落”的大厅堂建筑为主体,左右有建筑拱卫,前有阳埕,后有后天井和厝包,周围用围厝或围埕围合起来。拱卫的建筑有两种形式:在潮安、澄海一带,一般是两条厝巷和从厝;在揭阳、潮阳、普宁一带,一般由四座“四点金”和火巷拱卫。[2]

驷马拖车多为富豪或显宦人家建造。前厅接待客人,后厅供奉祖宗的牌位,用于祭祖。内眷一般住后院,前院做为客房,排屋则居住族人或佣工。后包幽静用做书斋。门前的广场用来安顿车马。[3]

整个平面布局规矩方正,以中轴线左右对称,主体建筑前低后高,突出主体厅堂,保证后进采光。反映了潮汕地区严格区分尊卑上下、男女内外和注重崇宗睦族的文化传统。[4]

建筑实例

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参考文献

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参考

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  1. ^ 李煜群著. 潮州传统建筑格局与吉祥图案释义. 广州:花城出版社. 2015.08: 24. ISBN 978-7-5360-7627-3. 
  2. ^ 蔡海松. 潮汕民居. ISBN 9787566800411. 
  3. ^ 下山虎、四点金和驷马拖车--潮汕民居掠影. [2020-09-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17). 
  4. ^ 走马潮汕看民居(下). [2020-09-25]. (原始内容存档于2011-10-17). 
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驷马拖车
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