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马远.
马远 |
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%E5%90%8D%E7%BB%98%E9%9B%86%E7%8F%8D%E5%86%8C_13_%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B_%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%9C_%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%84%E6%98%A5%E8%A1%8C.jpg/250px-%E5%90%8D%E7%BB%98%E9%9B%86%E7%8F%8D%E5%86%8C_13_%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B_%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%9C_%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%84%E6%98%A5%E8%A1%8C.jpg) |
出生 | 1160年 钱塘(今杭州) |
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逝世 | 1225年 |
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国籍 | 宋朝 |
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知名于 | 山水画 |
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知名作品 | 〈山径春行图〉 〈雪滩双鹭图〉 〈水图〉 |
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运动 | 南宋四家 |
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马远(1160年—1225年),字遥父,号钦山,道号张方道人,南宋杰出画家。原籍河中(今山西永济附近),侨寓钱塘(今浙江杭州)。曽祖父马贲、祖父马与祖、伯父马公显、父马世荣、兄马逵、子马麟都是画院待诏。
〈孔丘图〉,27.7x23.3 cm,北京故宫博物院藏
马远擅长山水画,继承和发展了北派山水的画风,能自出新意,下笔遒劲严整,设色清润;用大斧劈皴描画方硬奇峭的山石;树木用笔简要多姿,树叶有夹笔,树干用焦墨,多横斜曲折之态;楼阁大都运用界尺,而加衬染;点景人物自然生动,用不同的线描表现不同条件下的各种水势,对自然观察详细,写实能力高超。
他的画被当时评价为:“边角之景”,“峭峰直上而不见其顶,或绝壁直下而不见其脚,或近山参天而远山则低,或孤舟泛月而一人独坐”;人称“马一角”,后人也有认为这是南宋偏安的写照。他是南宋时期最重要的画家之一;他的画受到当时皇室的青睐,多有当时宋宁宗杨皇后的题字;他和夏圭在宋画院中也吸取了南宗的创作风格,拿水墨苍劲的格调取代了青绿工整,趋向南宗色彩极重。[1]马远与夏圭并称“马夏”,他们在画的布局方面别出心裁,常常只画一角图画,于之前的宏大的山水画外另开生面,故谓“马一角、夏半边”。马远与李唐、刘松年、夏圭合称为“南宋四家”。
他的绘画风格在后来明代的画院中为戴进、倪端等继承。
在马远传世的作品中,较为著名的有:
- 绢本设色,纵27.4cm,横43.1cm,约成于1102-1224年间,现藏台北国立故宫博物院。
- 绢本设色,现藏台北国立故宫博物院。
- 绢本设色,纵125.6cm,横46.7cm,约成于1198-1201年间,现藏台北国立故宫博物院。
- 全图分为十二个部分,每部纵26.8cm,横41.6cm。分别命名为波蹙金风、洞庭风细、层波叠浪、寒塘清浅、长江万顷、黄河逆流、秋水回波、云生沧海、湖光潋滟、云舒浪卷、晓日烘山、细浪漂漂,生动而精彩地表现了不同类型的水。现藏于北京故宫博物院。
- 绢本设色,纵26.7cm,横28.6cm,现藏于北京故宫博物院。
- 藏于美国纳尔逊艺术博物馆
- ^ 傅, 抱石. 中国绘画变迁史纲. 上海: 上海古籍. 1998: 66–68. ISBN 7-5325-2492-2.
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