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马尔科姆·考德威尔

马尔科姆·考德威尔
马尔科姆·考德威尔
出生1931年9月27日
 英国苏格兰斯特灵
逝世1978年12月23日(1978岁—12—23)(47岁)
民主柬埔寨金边
职业作家、学者

詹姆斯·亚历山大·马尔科姆·考德威尔(英语:James Alexander Malcolm Caldwell,1931年9月27日—1978年12月23日)[1],英国学者及马克思主义作家,亚洲共产主义及社会主义运动参与者,红色高棉的支持者,常批评美国的外交政策。他在柬埔寨波博会面数小时后遇害。

早年生活

马尔科姆·考德威尔生于苏格兰,父为煤矿工人[2]。他在诺汀罕大学爱丁堡大学毕业后,于英国陆军服役两年,以中士阶级退役。1959年,他在伦敦大学亚非学院出任研究员和讲师。他是一名激进社会主义份子,常批评西方外交政策及资本主义经济,尤其是美国的对外政策[2]。他是《当代亚洲期刊》的创刊编辑,该期刊主要报导亚洲的革命运动。1978年,考德威尔是圣玛丽选区贝克斯利区席德卡普地方选举的工党候选人[3]

柬埔寨

考德威尔是波博政权的拥护者,他常常因为为在柬埔寨发生的大屠杀辩护而受到批评[4]

1978年12月,他与伊丽莎白·贝克尔英语Elizabeth Becker理查德·达德曼英语Richard Dudman三人前往柬埔寨采访,他们是最后一批进入红色高棉的西方记者及作者。他们的行程受到严格管制,不允许与外人谈话。22日,考德威尔与波博进行私人会谈,事后考德威尔的情绪表现得“兴高采烈”,之后三人回到在柬埔寨的住处。在晚上11时,贝克尔被枪声吵醒,她离开房间看到一名武装的柬埔寨人用枪指着她。她跑回房间后听到更多枪声。一小时后,有人到她房门前告诉她考德威尔已被杀。她与达德曼到考德威尔的房间,看到考德威尔的胸口中枪,而旁边倒卧一名柬埔寨男子,该男子可能就是用枪指著贝克尔的人[5]

杀害考德威尔的动机不明。安德鲁·安东尼在《观察家报》上撰文指出: "当然,一定有某种内部的参与,因为客人们都有警卫。但谁指示了这些警卫,以及他们为什么这样做,仍然是一个猜测的话题"。贝克尔说:"马尔科姆·考德威尔的死是由他公开崇拜的政权的疯狂造成的"[6]。记者威尔弗雷德·伯切特(Wilfred Burchett)和考德威尔的一些家庭成员认为,考德威尔是在波博的命令下被杀害的,可能是在两人会面时发生分歧之后。澳大利亚历史学家和考德威尔的朋友基思·温德舒特尔也持这种看法,他声称考德威尔是被 "波博的两个心腹 "射杀的[7]。英国记者菲利普·肖特在他书中认为此次袭击的元凶是越南突击队,作为柬越战争的前夕的行动[8]。 事后四名守卫被捕,其中两人被带往红色高棉S-21集中营,经过酷刑后 "承认",凶手是企图破坏红色高棉政权的颠覆分子,杀害考德威尔以“防止党聚集世界各地的朋友”[6]。 考德威尔被杀三天后,越南人入侵柬埔寨,很快结束了红色高棉政府。

著作

  • Hunger and the Bomb (pamphlet). CND. c. 1967. 
  • The Modern World: Indonesia. Oxford University Press. 1968. 
  • (with James Lewis Henderson). The Chainless Mind: A Study of Resistance and Liberation (Twentieth Century Themes). Hamish Hamilton. 1968. 
  • (as editor). Socialism and the environment: essays. Nottingham: Spokesman Books. 1972. 
  • The Energy of Imperialism and the Imperialism of Energy (booklet). 1972. 
  • (with Lek Tan). Cambodia in the Southeast Asian War. Monthly Review Press. 1973. 
  • Ten years' military terror in Indonesia. Nottingham: Spokesman Books. 1976. 
  • (with Umberto Melotti). Marx and the Third World. Macmillan. 1977. 
  • The Wealth of Some Nations: Introduction to the Study of Political Economy. London: Zed Books. 1977. 
  • (with David Elliott). Thailand: Origins of Military Rule. London: Zed Books. 1978. 
  • (with others). Thailand: Roots of Conflict. Nottingham: Spokesman Books. 1978. 
  • (with N. Jeffrey). Planning and Urbanism in China (Progress in Planning). Elsevier. 1978. 
  • (with Mohamed Amin). Malaya: The Making of a Neo-colony. Nottingham: Spokesman Books. 1978. 
  • (1979) Lee Kuan Yew: The Man, His Mayoralty and His Mafia.

参考文献

  1. ^ 第47754號憲報. 伦敦宪报. 25 January 1979: 1147. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Peter F. Bell, Mark Selden Extract from a biography of Malcolm Caldwell,页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars vol. 11, 1979
  3. ^ "London Borough Council Elections, 4 May 1978", GLC Intelligence Department, p. 20.
  4. ^ Thompson, Larry Clinton "Refugee Workers in the Indochina Exodus, 1975–1982. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishing Co., 2010, p. 136
  5. ^ Becker, Elizabeth, When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution New York: Public Affairs Books, 1998, pp. 426–430
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 "Lost in Cambodia",页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆The Guardian, 10 January 2010
  7. ^ Cadzow, Jane, ‘’Meet Mr Right’’ The Sydney Morning Herald Magazine, May 2003
  8. ^ Philip Short Pol Pot The History of a Nightmare. London: John Murray, 2004; New York: Owl Books, p.393-4
前任:
希拉·奥克斯
核裁军运动主席
1968–1970
继任:
阿普丽尔·卡特
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马尔科姆·考德威尔
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