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驿传制.
驿传制(日语:駅伝制),又称宿驿传马制度,是日本古代的一种传达公用书信或物件的方式。该方式的特征在于,传送的人和马从能在宿场进行交替更换。
“宿驿”是指在沿着街道的集落上,供旅人住宿,搬运行李的人与马集合的地方。
“传马”是指幕府人员在处理公用事务的途中,在宿驿更换交替的马。
“传马制”是指公用的书信或物件,从出发地到目的地,并非由同一人或马来搬运,而是在宿场交替人马,实现分工搬运的制度。
“传马制”根据曾被各战国大名采用过,并由徳川家康进行了更正式的整备。
徳川家康在关原之战(1600年)胜利后,开始了对全国的街道的整备。庆长6年(1601)在东海道整备的“宿站传马制度”便是其早期成果。
公用的书信或物件附带着“传马朱印状”,人马将其从一个宿场传到另一个宿场。
由于交通量的增加,一开始的传马从36匹增加到了100匹。
宿场负担了人马交替的任务,但作为鼓励,其宅地被课税的年供被免除,同时也能通过提供旅住宿或搬送物件儿获得收入。[1]
- ^ 宿駅伝馬制度って、なんのこと?. www.ktr.mlit.go.jp. [2019-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-13). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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