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驺虞 .
驺 ( zōu ) 虞 ( yú ) 又名驺吾 、驺牙 ,是古代汉民族 传说中的仁兽 。驺虞虎躯狮首,白毛黑纹,尾巴修长,而天性柔仁,不吃活着的动物。
记载
驺虞最早见于《周礼 ·春官·锺师》载:“凡射王奏驺虞,诸侯奏狸首。”
《贾公彦 疏》:“今《诗》韩鲁说:驺虞,天子掌鸟兽官。”
《诗经 》有《召南·驺虞》。
司马相如 《封禅文》:“囿驺虞之珍群,激麋鹿之怪兽。”
《山海经 ·海内北经》:“林氏国有珍兽,大若虎,五采毕具,尾长于身,名曰驺吾,乘之日行千里。”
司马迁 《史记 ·滑稽列传》:“建章宫后阁重栎中有物出焉,其状似麋。以闻,武帝往临视之。问左右群臣习事通经术者,莫能知…于是朔(东方朔)乃肯言,曰:所谓驺牙者也。远方当来归义,而驺牙先见。其齿前后若一,齐等无牙,故谓之驺牙。”
归有光 《题异兽图》诗:“呜乎,孰谓解衣盘礴称良吏,不识驺牙与麟趾。”
鄂尔泰 《赠方望溪》诗:“《博物》但解辨鼮鼠,《搜神》或诧名驺牙。”
明代 在永乐 、宣德 年间有驺虞现身的记载:永乐二年九月丙午,周王朱橚 来朝,献驺虞,百僚称贺[1] ,并绘有《明内府驺虞图》、《明人画驺虞图》传世[2] ;宣德四年三月,南京守备襄城伯李隆 献驺虞[3] 。
王偁 有〈驺虞歌〉:“阊阖平临宝仗催,千官跪进驺虞表。庆世驺虞此日生,普天率土颂升平。”[4] 王直 有〈驺虞赞〉:“古称瑞兽惟驺虞,狻猊之首身於菟。皎皎白质冰霜腴,黑花粲若玄云敷。”[5] 。
注释
^ 《明太宗实录》卷三四:“永乐二年九月,周王橚来朝,及献驺虞,百僚请贺,以为皇上至仁,格天所至。既罢朝,上谓侍臣言:朕方夙夜斯惧,何可谓驺虞是天降祥于朕?侍臣曰:圣志如此,所以上格天心。上曰:驺虞若果为祥,在朕更当加慎。是日,宴王于华盖殿,赐其从官宴于中右门”。
^ 《久潜龙虎声相应未戮鲸鲵气尚骄─明代皇帝与虎 (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) 》,许冰彬,2022年第1期,P. 37,《紫禁城》双月刊
^ 《礼部志稿》卷三〈却庆贺之训〉:“宣德四年三月,南京守备襄城伯李隆献驺虞二,云出滁州来安县石固山。素质黑文,驯狎不惊,命群臣观之行在。礼部尚书胡濙等请上表贺,上曰:祯祥之兴,必有实德庶几副之。”
^ 《虚舟集》卷三
^ 《抑庵集》卷后三七
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