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马铃

装设在直身木条手柄的马铃,较常在专业的乐团中使用。
不同类形的普及式马铃。

马铃(英语:Sleigh Bell/Jingle Bell[1],或称丛铃,亦有人称雪铃,是一种敲击乐器,属于自鸣乐器,它是一种简单而具悠久历史的敲击乐器,现今更多常作幼儿教育或音乐训练之用。

本来是牧人系于牲口的小金属铃,免于走失。后来,马铃被用于民间舞蹈作伴奏之用,继以再带入世俗音乐、合奏音乐以及管弦乐中。多为球体,内有金属球或金属片,彼此撞击而发声,表面有一开口,令声音可以从球体内出来。

外形

马铃是由几个到数十个这种小金属铃所串连起来成为一丛,因此亦称作丛铃。

专业乐团现时多采用直手柄式的马铃,在1尺长的木棒上,将小金属铃围绕木棒,留约1/3长度为手把。儿童所用马铃,系由6至8个铃系于环型的支撑。音色较单簿但仍能清楚听见。

演奏方式

专业的演奏方式是:演奏断音时,单手持把手、金属铃下垂,另一只手以拳轻敲持乐器的手腕,以非直接接触乐器形式来保持铃声的一致性;持续铃声则以摇动乐器方式演奏。

作品

莫扎特在晚期的多首《德国舞曲》中,他加入了多个被设定成不同音高的马铃,来弹奏和弦。[2]马勒的《第4号交响曲》首乐章,由马铃的独奏开始,使乐章变得更有生气。卡尔·奥尔夫在他的代表作《布兰诗歌》中,第1部分的“店员,给我胭脂”(Chramer, gip die varwe mir)运用了马铃,其幼儿音乐教育理论中,马铃是主要的辅助乐器。

马铃在圣诞歌曲中占有非常重要的地方,既是节奏乐器,亦代表着牵引雪橇的鹿颈上系上的金属铃。而其细密而松散的声音能模仿冬天的雪花。[2]

注释

  1. ^
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Blades, J. (2005). Percussion instruments and their history , London:Faber & Faber, p.391.
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马铃
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