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骨膜

骨膜
骨松质与骨密质
基本信息
位置所有骨骼外部表面
标识字符
拉丁文Periosteum
MeSHD010521
TA98A02.0.00.007
TA2384
THH2.00.03.7.00018
FMAFMA:24041
解剖学术语

骨膜[1](英语:periosteum)又称骨外膜[2],是除了长骨关节外,附着在所有骨骼外表面的致密结缔组织薄膜[3][注 1],其含有丰富的血管和神经。与之相对的是骨内膜英语endosteum(endosteum),所有骨骼内侧(衬在髓腔内面和骨松质的骨小梁表面)都有骨内膜。

骨膜内含有致密不规则结缔组织英语dense irregular connective tissue。骨膜从外至内分为纤维层和生发层两层。纤维层内有成纤维细胞。发生层内含有祖细胞。祖细胞会发育成成骨细胞。成骨细胞可使长骨变宽、使除长骨外其他骨变大。[注 2]骨折英语bone healing后,组细胞分化为对愈合至关重要的成骨细胞和成软骨细胞英语chondroblasts

骨膜不同于骨组织:骨膜上有痛觉神经末梢,对刺激敏感。骨膜可通过血液供应向骨组织提供养料。骨膜与骨组织之间靠强壮的胶原纤维相互链接。此纤维被称为夏贝氏纤维英语Sharpey's fibres,从骨膜延伸至外环骨板层与侧骨板层英语Lamellae (zoology)中。骨膜还为肌肉和韧带提供了附着点。

来源

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  1. ^ 骨膜 periosteum. 国家教育研究院. [2020-05-20]. 
  2. ^ 骨的結構. 香港体育教学网. [2020-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-04). 
  3. ^ Netter, Frank H.; Dingle, Regina V.; Mankin, Henry J. Musculoskeletal system: anatomy, physiology, and metabolic disorders. Summit, New Jersey: Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 1990: 170. ISBN 0-914168-88-6. 

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ 长骨关节上覆盖有透明软骨,称为关节软骨。
  2. ^ 长骨的长度由骺板决定。

参见

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骨膜
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