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顶盾龙属

顶盾龙属
化石时期:100.5–97 Ma
白垩纪后期
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科: 结节龙科 Nodosauridae
属: 顶盾龙属 Stegopelta
Williston, 1905
模式种
兰德顶盾龙
Stegopelta landerensis

Williston, 1905

顶盾龙属(属名:Stegopelta)意为“如屋顶般的盾”,是甲龙亚目是一属。化石包含一个部分骨骸,发现于怀俄明州弗里蒙特郡的Frontier组,年代为白垩纪的晚阿尔比阶到早森诺曼阶

历史

在1905年,塞缪尔·温德尔·威利斯顿(Samuel Wendell Williston)叙述了一个甲龙类骨骸(编号FMNH UR88),该骨骸包含一个上颌的骨头碎片、7节颈椎、2节背椎、部分荐骨、左右肠骨尾椎、部分肩胛骨、左右肱骨头、部分尺骨、左右桡骨、一个掌骨、部分胫骨跖骨、以及肩刺与颈部装甲[1][2]。这些化石的保存状态不佳,曾在斜坡上遭到侵蚀,以及群的踩踏[3]。因为顶盾龙是种所知有限的甲龙类恐龙,威利斯顿认为牠们的外形类似剑龙属,而顶盾龙的骨盆上方有愈合的鳞甲,类似哺乳类雕齿兽,因此威利斯顿认为顶盾龙的鳞甲类似雕齿兽的鳞甲[1]。Moodie在1910年重新叙述顶盾龙,并认为若顶盾龙与甲龙不是同一种动物,那牠们即为近亲[3]

顶盾龙仍为研究过少的动物。在1978年,Walter P. Coombs在他的甲龙亚目重新叙述中,将顶盾龙列为更著名、但所知有限的结节龙的一个异名[4]。在1998年,肯尼思·卡彭特(Kenneth Carpenter)与詹姆士·柯克兰(James Kirkland)重新叙述顶盾龙,并认为牠们有明显的脊椎与装甲特征,将顶盾龙恢复为有效属[2]。在2000年,Tracy Ford根据顶盾龙的装甲特征,在甲龙科中建立了顶盾龙亚科(Stegopeltinae),包含了顶盾龙与雕齿甲龙[5]。Ford的分类法并没有被广泛的接受,但最近的研究认为顶盾龙为独立的一属,但分类倾向仍不清楚[6][7]

古生物学

因为顶盾龙的所知有限,关于牠们的习性与生活方式只知道牠们是缓慢、四足、植食性恐龙,面对攻击时会将身体伏在地面上,依靠装甲来防御[7]

顶盾龙的装甲固定在荐骨上,肩膀的尖刺可能有分叉,类似埃德蒙顿甲龙[2]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Williston, S.W. A new armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming. Science. 1905, 22 (564): 503–504. PMID 17748142. doi:10.1126/science.22.564.503-a. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Carpenter, K., and Kirkland, J.I. (1998). Review of Lower and middle Cretaceous ankylosaurs from North America. In: Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14:249-270.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Moodie, R.L. An armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Wyoming. Kansas University Science Bulletin. 1910, 5: 257–273. 
  4. ^ Coombs, Jr. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Palaeontology. 1978, 21 (1): 143–170. 
  5. ^ Ford, T.L. (2000). A review of ankylosaur osteoderms from New Mexico and a preliminary review of ankylosaur armor. In: Lucas, S.G., and Heckert, A.B. (eds.). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17:157-176.
  6. ^ Carpenter, K. (2001). Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria. In: Carpenter, K. (ed.). The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press:Bloomington, 455-483. ISBN 0-253-33964-2
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Vickaryous, M.K., Maryańska, T., and Weishampel, D.B. (2004). Ankylosauria. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 363-392. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

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顶盾龙属
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