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雷西姆诺城堡

雷西姆诺城堡
Φορτέτζα
希腊克里特岛雷西姆诺
坐标35°22′19.2″N 24°28′15.6″E / 35.372000°N 24.471000°E / 35.372000; 24.471000
类型城堡
历史
建于1573–1580
建造者威尼斯共和国
使用时期1580–20世纪
材料石灰石
战役克里特战争(1645–69)

雷西姆诺城堡 (希腊语Φορτέτζα,意大利语:Fortezza;英语:Fortezza of Rethymno) 是希腊克里特岛雷西姆诺的一座城堡,由威尼斯共和国建于16世纪,保存完好,并向公众开放。

雷西姆诺城堡为不规则平面,周长1307米,周边有圣尼古拉[1]、圣保罗[2]、圣以利亚[3]、圣路加[4]四座堡垒。

城堡内有数座建筑。苏丹易卜拉欣清真寺,原为圣尼古拉主教座堂[5]。附近的一座建筑,原为主教府[6]。此外还有一些教会建筑[7][8]

历史

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城堡位于旧城堡山(Paleokastro)上,古希腊卫城的原址[9]。在10-13世纪,拜占庭帝国在其东侧建造城堡Castrum Rethemi威尼斯共和国占领后,名为旧城堡(Castel VecchioAntico Castello[10]。威尼斯统治时期,雷西姆诺成为克里特岛第三大城市。1540-1570年,沿海修建了城墙,但仍未能抵御1571年的入侵[10]

1571年奥斯曼帝国征服塞浦路斯以后,克里特岛成为威尼斯最大的海外据点。威尼斯在雷西姆诺山上修建了新城堡,保护城市和港口。工程开始于1573年9月13日,完成于1580年。城堡内设有威尼斯人的行政机构.仅在奥斯曼军队入侵时收容避难的居民。[11]

1646年9月29日,奥斯曼军队包围了雷西姆诺。11月13日,威尼斯人向奥斯曼军队投降[12]。到20世纪初,城堡内已经建起许多房屋。这些房屋在二战以后被拆除,城堡内只留下少数历史建筑。

参考

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  1. ^ The Building at the St. Nicolas Bastion. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  2. ^ Fortezza, the Santa Maria Bastion. Explore Crete. (原始内容存档于18 February 2014). 
  3. ^ The 'Erofyli' Theatre. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  4. ^ The Bastion of St. Lucas. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  5. ^ The Mosque of Ibrahim Han. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  6. ^ Episcope Palace. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  7. ^ Holy Temple of St. Theodore of Trihinas. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于16 October 2015). 
  8. ^ Fortezza, the church of Agia Ekaterini. Explore Crete. (原始内容存档于4 February 2014). 
  9. ^ The Fortezza fortress. tour.rethymno.gr. (原始内容存档于2015-10-16). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Kivernitaki, Maria; Samatas, Yannis. Fortezza in Rethymnon. Explore Crete. (原始内容存档于1 April 2015). 
  11. ^ Valia, Angelaki. Fortezza Castle. Ministry of Culture and Sport. 2012. (原始内容存档于26 March 2013) (希腊语). 
  12. ^ Die Belagerung von Rethymno. rethymnon.gr. (原始内容存档于5 June 2009) (德语). 
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雷西姆诺城堡
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