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热带肉芽肿

热带肉芽肿
手肘上有热带肉芽肿的伤口
症状primary affect[*]发热淋巴结肿大关节疼痛疤痕
类型原发性细菌性传染病[*]密螺旋体病[*]骨病[*]蜂窝性组织炎被忽视热带病皮肤病疾病
病因细弱螺旋体
诊断方法体格检查免疫萤光[*]
分类和外部资源
医学专科传染病科
ICD-111C1D
ICD-10A66
ICD-9-CM102
MedlinePlus001341
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

热带肉芽肿(Yaws)也称为雅司病,是发生在皮肤骨骼关节热带感染病,病原是螺旋体门的细菌雅司螺旋体英语Treponema pertenue[1][2]。热带肉芽肿一开始会在皮肤产生圆形的硬肿,直径约二至五公分[2],之后会破皮,变成溃疡[2],初期的皮肤损害会在三至六个月后会治愈[3] 。在数周至一年后,关节及骨头会开始疼痛,会觉得疲倦,也会有新的皮肤损害[2]。手掌及脚掌的皮肤会变厚及破裂[3]。骨头(尤其是鼻子)可能会畸形[3] 。五年后会有大规模的皮肤坏死及随之出现的疤痕[2]

热带肉芽肿的传播是透过直接接触感染病患身上创口的液体[3],且多半不是因性接触而感染[3] 。此疾病最常见于孩童,因一起玩乐而传播[2]。其余和梅毒螺旋体有关的疾病还有贝耶病英语bejel(Treponema pallidum endemicum)、品他病 (Treponema carateum)及梅毒(Treponema pallidum pallidum)[3]。热带肉芽肿常因外貌上的病变而被诊断出来[3]。血液抗体检测可能有用,但没法区分是以前的感染或是新的感染[3]聚合酶链锁反应(简称PCR)是最精准的诊断方法[3]

热带肉芽肿有多种预防方式,其中之一是先治愈患病的病患以减少传染的机会[3]。在疾病盛行的区域,治疗整个社区是很有效的[3],改善卫生环境及清洁也可以减少疾病散播[3]。通常以抗生素治疗,包括口服阿奇霉素或注射芐星青霉素[3],若缺乏治疗,有10%会有身体的畸形[3]

在2012年,热带肉芽肿至少已是14个热带国家的常见疾病[2][3] 。该疾病只感染人类[3]。在1950至1960年代,世界卫生组织(WHO)几乎根除热带肉芽肿[3]。然而,病患之后又开始增加,因此WHO正努力在2020年前根除热带肉芽肿[3]。最新的估计在1995年,指出约有500,000人患有热带肉芽肿[1]。此疾病最早是在1679年由威廉·皮索描述,考古学的证据却指出热带肉芽肿可能早在一百六十万年前就已经出现在人类身上[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Mitjà O; Hays R; Rinaldi AC; McDermott R; Bassat Q. New treatment schemes for yaws: the path toward eradication (pdf). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012, 55 (3): 406–412 [2015-12-28]. PMID 22610931. doi:10.1093/cid/cis444. (原始内容存档于2014-05-18). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Mitjà O; Asiedu K; Mabey D. Yaws. Lancet. 2013, 381 (9868): 763–773. PMID 23415015. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62130-8. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 Yaws Fact sheet N°316. World Health Organization. February 2014 [27 February 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-03). 
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热带肉芽肿
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